{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:6CQQMNOQC3RWH64UPIJORSYOMY","short_pith_number":"pith:6CQQMNOQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1202.1346","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-02-07T04:07:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"842c19af2d7e6fcbf2d091fad806e9edb0ffbfa34ced02ec7c70bb3658b088ab","abstract_canon_sha256":"fd03e3683a140bf4dab811084fffebcc7e101f3e6460c0cfe7e1ac82c96a7a2f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f0a10635d016e363fb947a12e8cb0e660f0e9da6d0e841d083f759724d8d31fb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1202.1346","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1202.1346","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1202.1346v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1202.1346","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6CQQMNOQC3RW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6CQQMNOQC3RWH64U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6CQQMNOQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:6CQQMNOQC3RWH64UPIJORSYOMY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1202.1346","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-02-07T04:07:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"842c19af2d7e6fcbf2d091fad806e9edb0ffbfa34ced02ec7c70bb3658b088ab","abstract_canon_sha256":"fd03e3683a140bf4dab811084fffebcc7e101f3e6460c0cfe7e1ac82c96a7a2f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f0a10635d016e363fb947a12e8cb0e660f0e9da6d0e841d083f759724d8d31fb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:33.118409Z","signature_b64":"cRfEtDJ7zLJGtZC2f/zm+3sE7YMMP9FzUtfxf/d2DDdwUySzKLU0oIHusN4GHTUJEX1rr8pLrfoPmdezl32RBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f0a10635d016e363fb947a12e8cb0e660f0e9da6d0e841d083f759724d8d31fb","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:33.117820Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:33.117820Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1202.1346","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oQ+yhVe0BYHP71aK3c38MEUa5cps9NeKT13bxM5YC0pI2SurHvcr5IcFLRHK9NggEO08+TuWiZ13vjD465VaDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T00:10:15.734151Z"},"content_sha256":"4522384fd5a647d6e6a42d1f463dfc9e487810748a19e98e37b316d10d088a84","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4522384fd5a647d6e6a42d1f463dfc9e487810748a19e98e37b316d10d088a84"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:6CQQMNOQC3RWH64UPIJORSYOMY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Early structure formation from cosmic string loops","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-th"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Abraham Loeb, Alexander Vilenkin, Benjamin Shlaer","submitted_at":"2012-02-07T04:07:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"We examine the effects of cosmic strings on structure formation and on the ionization history of the universe. While Gaussian perturbations from inflation are known to provide the dominant contribution to the large scale structure of the universe, density perturbations due to strings are highly non-Gaussian and can produce nonlinear structures at very early times. This could lead to early star formation and reionization of the universe. We improve on earlier studies of these effects by accounting for high loop velocities and for the filamentary shape of the resulting halos. We find that for st"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1202.1346","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JxRdulnZZBb4ShihwyzkgE2dtuzwxpA/h4V1zPAMvHaxC+nIjKTLJRNlrho6xfR+Yll/nTUT8+7bJTMPUG1lBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T00:10:15.734823Z"},"content_sha256":"b456f84fd732324ac351ec1d53c1abd215cf1d84266eca59efcb67073e364a7d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b456f84fd732324ac351ec1d53c1abd215cf1d84266eca59efcb67073e364a7d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6CQQMNOQC3RWH64UPIJORSYOMY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6CQQMNOQC3RWH64UPIJORSYOMY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6CQQMNOQC3RWH64UPIJORSYOMY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T00:10:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6CQQMNOQC3RWH64UPIJORSYOMY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6CQQMNOQC3RWH64UPIJORSYOMY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6CQQMNOQC3RWH64UPIJORSYOMY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6CQQMNOQC3RWH64UPIJORSYOMY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:6CQQMNOQC3RWH64UPIJORSYOMY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fd03e3683a140bf4dab811084fffebcc7e101f3e6460c0cfe7e1ac82c96a7a2f","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-02-07T04:07:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"842c19af2d7e6fcbf2d091fad806e9edb0ffbfa34ced02ec7c70bb3658b088ab"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1202.1346","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1202.1346","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1202.1346v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1202.1346","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6CQQMNOQC3RW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6CQQMNOQC3RWH64U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6CQQMNOQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b456f84fd732324ac351ec1d53c1abd215cf1d84266eca59efcb67073e364a7d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We examine the effects of cosmic strings on structure formation and on the ionization history of the universe. While Gaussian perturbations from inflation are known to provide the dominant contribution to the large scale structure of the universe, density perturbations due to strings are highly non-Gaussian and can produce nonlinear structures at very early times. This could lead to early star formation and reionization of the universe. We improve on earlier studies of these effects by accounting for high loop velocities and for the filamentary shape of the resulting halos. We find that for st","authors_text":"Abraham Loeb, Alexander Vilenkin, Benjamin Shlaer","cross_cats":["hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-02-07T04:07:01Z","title":"Early structure formation from cosmic string loops"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1202.1346","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4522384fd5a647d6e6a42d1f463dfc9e487810748a19e98e37b316d10d088a84","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fd03e3683a140bf4dab811084fffebcc7e101f3e6460c0cfe7e1ac82c96a7a2f","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-02-07T04:07:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"842c19af2d7e6fcbf2d091fad806e9edb0ffbfa34ced02ec7c70bb3658b088ab"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1202.1346","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f0a10635d016e363fb947a12e8cb0e660f0e9da6d0e841d083f759724d8d31fb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f0a10635d016e363fb947a12e8cb0e660f0e9da6d0e841d083f759724d8d31fb","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:33.117820Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:33.117820Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"cRfEtDJ7zLJGtZC2f/zm+3sE7YMMP9FzUtfxf/d2DDdwUySzKLU0oIHusN4GHTUJEX1rr8pLrfoPmdezl32RBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:58:33.118409Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1202.1346","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4522384fd5a647d6e6a42d1f463dfc9e487810748a19e98e37b316d10d088a84","sha256:b456f84fd732324ac351ec1d53c1abd215cf1d84266eca59efcb67073e364a7d"],"state_sha256":"75a60a556a6d2c104fc93cef4c567d19b4b95d48af5bd81508b64f40589073b7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+ifF+IYMuIOrbJFfpMWANuc5l+T9FBCSK78ofaryvD3tBBvLyDpj/HVEa4KnQtGxuNQ97pyJjs0gIuLsN8kiAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T00:10:15.738195Z","bundle_sha256":"2c38ed9bd1cd68d9af073538d0d2077ce77131f136ec0ec173c5b935275995b5"}}