{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:6DOTJTYHWHQDHMQ5CWRMZ65ILT","short_pith_number":"pith:6DOTJTYH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1409.1853","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2014-09-05T16:09:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cee536fa1007360341018b002c4279241ec75b0d6e2a0b2c1e24437b841e0528","abstract_canon_sha256":"7ecd7dec8fbfc85d0073e068be8dcb026a04e9c48d51be1d074850f3ea906238"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f0dd34cf07b1e033b21d15a2ccfba85ce81e8b322cf21f43044476dcaf7634f9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1409.1853","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1409.1853","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1409.1853v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1409.1853","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6DOTJTYHWHQD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6DOTJTYHWHQDHMQ5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6DOTJTYH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:6DOTJTYHWHQDHMQ5CWRMZ65ILT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1409.1853","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2014-09-05T16:09:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cee536fa1007360341018b002c4279241ec75b0d6e2a0b2c1e24437b841e0528","abstract_canon_sha256":"7ecd7dec8fbfc85d0073e068be8dcb026a04e9c48d51be1d074850f3ea906238"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f0dd34cf07b1e033b21d15a2ccfba85ce81e8b322cf21f43044476dcaf7634f9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:31.607643Z","signature_b64":"h9ULp8uX6NGSfdKajmgSeY8gEfPwsUuntMvT7XPie4obPKsxGHtPh1kHdjuIUuObEVVRBTooCP3Su/+Eayn6DA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f0dd34cf07b1e033b21d15a2ccfba85ce81e8b322cf21f43044476dcaf7634f9","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:31.607216Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:31.607216Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1409.1853","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kSvsmocr0uLPM0A2EIf+zMK/5D17Woph60YJVETmUCF20phFN9adS1C3L4IMewvIXYYx/cj+wQv9CWK8ybLSDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T03:46:48.576461Z"},"content_sha256":"5ad06188da127d1117dabe405980fed2bbbe743bf3fd7f3abc1a61a684edc052","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5ad06188da127d1117dabe405980fed2bbbe743bf3fd7f3abc1a61a684edc052"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:6DOTJTYHWHQDHMQ5CWRMZ65ILT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Generating a three dimensional dark focus from a single conically refracted light beam","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"A. Turpin, E. U. Rafailov, J. Mompart, T. K. Kalkandjiev, Yu. V. Loiko","submitted_at":"2014-09-05T16:09:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"We report here the generation of a three dimensional dark focus from a single focused monochromatic Gaussian beam that undergoes conical refraction when it propagates along one of the optic axes of a biaxial crystal. We study the resulting ring intensity pattern behind the crystal as a function of the ratio between the ring radius and the beam waist and derive the particular parameter values for which a three dimensional dark focus with null intensity at the ring center is formed. We have performed experiments with a ${\\rm KGd(WO_4)_2}$ biaxial crystal reporting the generation of a bottle beam"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1409.1853","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"K6K/FipaR/X9cXipy4vIaIZZxIlzt/pmlsbrI7WPV/NXBucpIztfgWAQYxv9G9jAHkKhhzfCxljni1tpGKZ5BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T03:46:48.577147Z"},"content_sha256":"e477a808c97b01b77045617143475ff4825f6205d50aedbfd22f866265c75872","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e477a808c97b01b77045617143475ff4825f6205d50aedbfd22f866265c75872"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6DOTJTYHWHQDHMQ5CWRMZ65ILT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6DOTJTYHWHQDHMQ5CWRMZ65ILT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6DOTJTYHWHQDHMQ5CWRMZ65ILT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T03:46:48Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6DOTJTYHWHQDHMQ5CWRMZ65ILT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6DOTJTYHWHQDHMQ5CWRMZ65ILT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6DOTJTYHWHQDHMQ5CWRMZ65ILT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6DOTJTYHWHQDHMQ5CWRMZ65ILT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:6DOTJTYHWHQDHMQ5CWRMZ65ILT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7ecd7dec8fbfc85d0073e068be8dcb026a04e9c48d51be1d074850f3ea906238","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2014-09-05T16:09:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"cee536fa1007360341018b002c4279241ec75b0d6e2a0b2c1e24437b841e0528"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1409.1853","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1409.1853","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1409.1853v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1409.1853","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6DOTJTYHWHQD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6DOTJTYHWHQDHMQ5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6DOTJTYH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e477a808c97b01b77045617143475ff4825f6205d50aedbfd22f866265c75872","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We report here the generation of a three dimensional dark focus from a single focused monochromatic Gaussian beam that undergoes conical refraction when it propagates along one of the optic axes of a biaxial crystal. We study the resulting ring intensity pattern behind the crystal as a function of the ratio between the ring radius and the beam waist and derive the particular parameter values for which a three dimensional dark focus with null intensity at the ring center is formed. We have performed experiments with a ${\\rm KGd(WO_4)_2}$ biaxial crystal reporting the generation of a bottle beam","authors_text":"A. Turpin, E. U. Rafailov, J. Mompart, T. K. Kalkandjiev, Yu. V. Loiko","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2014-09-05T16:09:20Z","title":"Generating a three dimensional dark focus from a single conically refracted light beam"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1409.1853","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5ad06188da127d1117dabe405980fed2bbbe743bf3fd7f3abc1a61a684edc052","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7ecd7dec8fbfc85d0073e068be8dcb026a04e9c48d51be1d074850f3ea906238","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2014-09-05T16:09:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"cee536fa1007360341018b002c4279241ec75b0d6e2a0b2c1e24437b841e0528"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1409.1853","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f0dd34cf07b1e033b21d15a2ccfba85ce81e8b322cf21f43044476dcaf7634f9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f0dd34cf07b1e033b21d15a2ccfba85ce81e8b322cf21f43044476dcaf7634f9","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:31.607216Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:31.607216Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"h9ULp8uX6NGSfdKajmgSeY8gEfPwsUuntMvT7XPie4obPKsxGHtPh1kHdjuIUuObEVVRBTooCP3Su/+Eayn6DA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:31.607643Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1409.1853","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5ad06188da127d1117dabe405980fed2bbbe743bf3fd7f3abc1a61a684edc052","sha256:e477a808c97b01b77045617143475ff4825f6205d50aedbfd22f866265c75872"],"state_sha256":"2a3f6f46696056bb11e5dcb7541044e3da2601f4df73e635cbfbef1e367898da"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2HoMlrEQZznbu1Wqdt0SOru/J36t583vlCfKepPU4UyKNyaTV6J6Rgo7eFfmKzqbK+ZyI9uZDHH2msdxotqzCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T03:46:48.580587Z","bundle_sha256":"01b7347f56706e7144889617df1288453caff638e088dbf3ca8e22bddb5fb780"}}