{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:6DPJJVQBSLW7HBFSYPCDC3ANFO","short_pith_number":"pith:6DPJJVQB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1705.03918","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2017-05-10T18:41:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2c39a3a104e876ce3d5c3366e8809fa88004d0d5d5775c8726b86b87cd2f23ce","abstract_canon_sha256":"9de4b2172eb5450b8a94c05704c64f79913704797f9ca19114ee80ea7cef3c88"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f0de94d60192edf384b2c3c4316c0d2bb04c37c38fcd6c4e9b208904d9d3338b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1705.03918","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1705.03918","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1705.03918v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1705.03918","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6DPJJVQBSLW7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6DPJJVQBSLW7HBFS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6DPJJVQB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:6DPJJVQBSLW7HBFSYPCDC3ANFO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1705.03918","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2017-05-10T18:41:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2c39a3a104e876ce3d5c3366e8809fa88004d0d5d5775c8726b86b87cd2f23ce","abstract_canon_sha256":"9de4b2172eb5450b8a94c05704c64f79913704797f9ca19114ee80ea7cef3c88"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f0de94d60192edf384b2c3c4316c0d2bb04c37c38fcd6c4e9b208904d9d3338b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:49.312009Z","signature_b64":"TmegXJMoa0lV+BdTnVdiObbc50NKwGfnlWlNjRnbf1ZOzrgaoYPogrhh4scsNRUauPKnPokOaY15xVLGcLCgDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f0de94d60192edf384b2c3c4316c0d2bb04c37c38fcd6c4e9b208904d9d3338b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:49.311569Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:49.311569Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1705.03918","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"D2R9tOFn69hz9NLG79YJrOGjXUCDADzBZs7jS+0KSWMOqslPgXEHq6Uj4+SfX522k84B8xc3dTNglRg3IfV+Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-24T06:55:25.955841Z"},"content_sha256":"48197a5446de716a2c40914b2bfadeaa9144a413a1bcf6143ddd47fc96395882","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:48197a5446de716a2c40914b2bfadeaa9144a413a1bcf6143ddd47fc96395882"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:6DPJJVQBSLW7HBFSYPCDC3ANFO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Causal Inference with Two Versions of Treatment","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Dylan S. Small, Paul R. Rosenbaum, Raiden B. Hasegawa, Sameer K. Deshpande","submitted_at":"2017-05-10T18:41:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"Causal effects are commonly defined as comparisons of the potential outcomes under treatment and control, but this definition is threatened by the possibility that the treatment or control condition is not well-defined, existing instead in more than one version. A simple, widely applicable analysis is proposed to address the possibility that the treatment or control condition exists in two versions with two different treatment effects. This analysis loses no power in the main comparison of treatment and control, provides additional information about version effects, and controls the family-wis"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1705.03918","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jOT5T0tB/E21mna00YAMPx1/+oBAuEZI600I4t7Cp4P6XbztfHHL86iGVpmMq+pyrBion5Jcul8qqBszJK0rAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-24T06:55:25.956247Z"},"content_sha256":"607c83f20e6ec62f442d293ae769d8f08261cb324484de545cf1988dcfcc559c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:607c83f20e6ec62f442d293ae769d8f08261cb324484de545cf1988dcfcc559c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6DPJJVQBSLW7HBFSYPCDC3ANFO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6DPJJVQBSLW7HBFSYPCDC3ANFO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6DPJJVQBSLW7HBFSYPCDC3ANFO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-24T06:55:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6DPJJVQBSLW7HBFSYPCDC3ANFO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6DPJJVQBSLW7HBFSYPCDC3ANFO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6DPJJVQBSLW7HBFSYPCDC3ANFO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6DPJJVQBSLW7HBFSYPCDC3ANFO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:6DPJJVQBSLW7HBFSYPCDC3ANFO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9de4b2172eb5450b8a94c05704c64f79913704797f9ca19114ee80ea7cef3c88","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2017-05-10T18:41:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"2c39a3a104e876ce3d5c3366e8809fa88004d0d5d5775c8726b86b87cd2f23ce"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1705.03918","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1705.03918","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1705.03918v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1705.03918","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6DPJJVQBSLW7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6DPJJVQBSLW7HBFS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6DPJJVQB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:607c83f20e6ec62f442d293ae769d8f08261cb324484de545cf1988dcfcc559c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Causal effects are commonly defined as comparisons of the potential outcomes under treatment and control, but this definition is threatened by the possibility that the treatment or control condition is not well-defined, existing instead in more than one version. A simple, widely applicable analysis is proposed to address the possibility that the treatment or control condition exists in two versions with two different treatment effects. This analysis loses no power in the main comparison of treatment and control, provides additional information about version effects, and controls the family-wis","authors_text":"Dylan S. Small, Paul R. Rosenbaum, Raiden B. Hasegawa, Sameer K. Deshpande","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2017-05-10T18:41:07Z","title":"Causal Inference with Two Versions of Treatment"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1705.03918","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:48197a5446de716a2c40914b2bfadeaa9144a413a1bcf6143ddd47fc96395882","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9de4b2172eb5450b8a94c05704c64f79913704797f9ca19114ee80ea7cef3c88","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2017-05-10T18:41:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"2c39a3a104e876ce3d5c3366e8809fa88004d0d5d5775c8726b86b87cd2f23ce"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1705.03918","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f0de94d60192edf384b2c3c4316c0d2bb04c37c38fcd6c4e9b208904d9d3338b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f0de94d60192edf384b2c3c4316c0d2bb04c37c38fcd6c4e9b208904d9d3338b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:49.311569Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:49.311569Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"TmegXJMoa0lV+BdTnVdiObbc50NKwGfnlWlNjRnbf1ZOzrgaoYPogrhh4scsNRUauPKnPokOaY15xVLGcLCgDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:49.312009Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1705.03918","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:48197a5446de716a2c40914b2bfadeaa9144a413a1bcf6143ddd47fc96395882","sha256:607c83f20e6ec62f442d293ae769d8f08261cb324484de545cf1988dcfcc559c"],"state_sha256":"7b4c6e8d0937e7b5c3c490ca909572138044b079ff9cf3481732d9ba8092e8a4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EKVdvjdz0N6LAvjzNw6ZyneYjx58DbP/2cxMyvaBFc7/L68g5iWGezjX2SCrqjMCdcHmwQGsykz0ENFjp1HmBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-24T06:55:25.959970Z","bundle_sha256":"de8e8dc7552503f62fac831fc0dfba52be7da106e13bf3cd540e346f4d8f7ba7"}}