{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:6EOCYDSDYNLATYLYN2EYDJAL5X","short_pith_number":"pith:6EOCYDSD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.18446","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2025-05-24T01:05:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"25a90567a2658b751bf240be957652b44df73ab6b88f0e9b72a91159ab723521","abstract_canon_sha256":"e552f6e479a445c3ea5ad7d6821fbb1f83958de842e9646792cd0652da831736"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f11c2c0e43c35609e1786e8981a40bedfb5f76568f7ce5b817211460292979a6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2505.18446","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.18446","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.18446v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.18446","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6EOCYDSDYNLA","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6EOCYDSDYNLATYLY","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6EOCYDSD","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:6EOCYDSDYNLATYLYN2EYDJAL5X","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.18446","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2025-05-24T01:05:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"25a90567a2658b751bf240be957652b44df73ab6b88f0e9b72a91159ab723521","abstract_canon_sha256":"e552f6e479a445c3ea5ad7d6821fbb1f83958de842e9646792cd0652da831736"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f11c2c0e43c35609e1786e8981a40bedfb5f76568f7ce5b817211460292979a6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46.608954Z","signature_b64":"/zkTWuxKM7z9xe8nOl2w7NXfYQSMy9y+OTxuUoiW449e9HPzDGkicHX+L0aR7IrzW6LUJZQQHX/jLH0yQFsdAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f11c2c0e43c35609e1786e8981a40bedfb5f76568f7ce5b817211460292979a6","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46.608523Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46.608523Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2505.18446","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LMyOfUU++7aDIGFzKKK+bXZzxHF6nzfUnxj9BqIJ/J79tkBkyL2V0VYRJxz4ilzqp0Yx1JEJij+HbTJRPzOaBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T18:28:16.074633Z"},"content_sha256":"9b232ee59d16689030d0e14a9288c2c65b183d4317619d1a21993c743963b9af","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9b232ee59d16689030d0e14a9288c2c65b183d4317619d1a21993c743963b9af"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:6EOCYDSDYNLATYLYN2EYDJAL5X","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Mitigating Context Bias in Domain Adaptation for Object Detection using Mask Pooling","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Arpan Kusari, Asma Almutairi, Hojun Son","submitted_at":"2025-05-24T01:05:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Context bias refers to the association between the foreground objects and background during the object detection training process. Various methods have been proposed to minimize the context bias when applying the trained model to an unseen domain, known as domain adaptation for object detection (DAOD). But a principled approach to understand why the context bias occurs and how to remove it has been missing.\n  In this work, we provide a causal view of the context bias, pointing towards the pooling operation in the convolution network architecture as the possible source of this bias. We present "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.18446","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2505.18446/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"F1tvHLuuVDQXLDjYJeod6jhaayPI7bSUH3YBY1gjqN7oXUdDM1EUEiHw3wYi9UlCxxBQO+sL8xxls5t94OfFAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T18:28:16.075134Z"},"content_sha256":"4229b55a5efc8031ea220bd2b0f2eedb65065d694db5f76561b53672c4b00063","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4229b55a5efc8031ea220bd2b0f2eedb65065d694db5f76561b53672c4b00063"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6EOCYDSDYNLATYLYN2EYDJAL5X/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6EOCYDSDYNLATYLYN2EYDJAL5X/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6EOCYDSDYNLATYLYN2EYDJAL5X/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T18:28:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6EOCYDSDYNLATYLYN2EYDJAL5X","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6EOCYDSDYNLATYLYN2EYDJAL5X/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6EOCYDSDYNLATYLYN2EYDJAL5X/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6EOCYDSDYNLATYLYN2EYDJAL5X/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:6EOCYDSDYNLATYLYN2EYDJAL5X","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e552f6e479a445c3ea5ad7d6821fbb1f83958de842e9646792cd0652da831736","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2025-05-24T01:05:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"25a90567a2658b751bf240be957652b44df73ab6b88f0e9b72a91159ab723521"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.18446","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.18446","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.18446v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.18446","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6EOCYDSDYNLA","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6EOCYDSDYNLATYLY","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6EOCYDSD","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4229b55a5efc8031ea220bd2b0f2eedb65065d694db5f76561b53672c4b00063","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2505.18446/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Context bias refers to the association between the foreground objects and background during the object detection training process. Various methods have been proposed to minimize the context bias when applying the trained model to an unseen domain, known as domain adaptation for object detection (DAOD). But a principled approach to understand why the context bias occurs and how to remove it has been missing.\n  In this work, we provide a causal view of the context bias, pointing towards the pooling operation in the convolution network architecture as the possible source of this bias. We present ","authors_text":"Arpan Kusari, Asma Almutairi, Hojun Son","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2025-05-24T01:05:20Z","title":"Mitigating Context Bias in Domain Adaptation for Object Detection using Mask Pooling"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.18446","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9b232ee59d16689030d0e14a9288c2c65b183d4317619d1a21993c743963b9af","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e552f6e479a445c3ea5ad7d6821fbb1f83958de842e9646792cd0652da831736","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2025-05-24T01:05:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"25a90567a2658b751bf240be957652b44df73ab6b88f0e9b72a91159ab723521"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.18446","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f11c2c0e43c35609e1786e8981a40bedfb5f76568f7ce5b817211460292979a6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f11c2c0e43c35609e1786e8981a40bedfb5f76568f7ce5b817211460292979a6","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46.608523Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46.608523Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"/zkTWuxKM7z9xe8nOl2w7NXfYQSMy9y+OTxuUoiW449e9HPzDGkicHX+L0aR7IrzW6LUJZQQHX/jLH0yQFsdAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:08:46.608954Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2505.18446","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9b232ee59d16689030d0e14a9288c2c65b183d4317619d1a21993c743963b9af","sha256:4229b55a5efc8031ea220bd2b0f2eedb65065d694db5f76561b53672c4b00063"],"state_sha256":"b6ff7a5711dfb644f309faeacff791d5b61cd997b58c41cc5e9d31a8ce5deb3d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Dq6/H+idY0UtvK5LlKTEycHKFiekEK/dDqgNpJ6QrgONemVk5epIVFAfsI2PHvYAM67VT9a9YFS6jrQksx9oAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T18:28:16.079856Z","bundle_sha256":"fe7c9543e2161cab6748a496fa67af764be2b0996315a68e8ef0a341e94633b0"}}