{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:6EONFMN6DCIKBX475YH7YPGVZV","short_pith_number":"pith:6EONFMN6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.02317","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-11-04T17:41:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"0f2ff0abc196f437f7aa5c8b28d48942a7c07dc8ab2abb654af551f1c134a34f","abstract_canon_sha256":"0bff917d33363ed7a7101006c9ef95575fc26d9c210fe0073db0cc3fced14689"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f11cd2b1be1890a0df9fee0ffc3cd5cd7e3d1af75481c87ab0e1b4920e2ce5eb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2411.02317","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.02317","created_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.02317v2","created_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.02317","created_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6EONFMN6DCIK","created_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6EONFMN6DCIKBX47","created_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6EONFMN6","created_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:6EONFMN6DCIKBX475YH7YPGVZV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.02317","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-11-04T17:41:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"0f2ff0abc196f437f7aa5c8b28d48942a7c07dc8ab2abb654af551f1c134a34f","abstract_canon_sha256":"0bff917d33363ed7a7101006c9ef95575fc26d9c210fe0073db0cc3fced14689"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f11cd2b1be1890a0df9fee0ffc3cd5cd7e3d1af75481c87ab0e1b4920e2ce5eb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23.215142Z","signature_b64":"3pz0zCOL41ym5ICJwiaaI1NyRhO4fiwTCLov6NEgUeuyLBv5p9bJmn7KrwXaaWrMqTBcPKDSeJHreJ2JjhbdAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f11cd2b1be1890a0df9fee0ffc3cd5cd7e3d1af75481c87ab0e1b4920e2ce5eb","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23.214152Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23.214152Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2411.02317","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rAWXIWqqBc10JQOdZ74aBQu9gfH/rD7lSKqwPEjswCJAjug1+fVTYpOAXBxw4/fikGrF+IZrKo+M0oE6WUf4Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T16:13:59.341241Z"},"content_sha256":"ab7a3467eed11958c68d1444008dbc9f01e3c07f87cc53246d9363f4396926a4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ab7a3467eed11958c68d1444008dbc9f01e3c07f87cc53246d9363f4396926a4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:6EONFMN6DCIKBX475YH7YPGVZV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Defining and Evaluating Physical Safety for Large Language Models","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CY"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Pin-Yu Chen, Tsung-Yi Ho, Yung-Chen Tang","submitted_at":"2024-11-04T17:41:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to control robotic systems such as drones, but their risks of causing physical threats and harm in real-world applications remain unexplored. Our study addresses the critical gap in evaluating LLM physical safety by developing a comprehensive benchmark for drone control. We classify the physical safety risks of drones into four categories: (1) human-targeted threats, (2) object-targeted threats, (3) infrastructure attacks, and (4) regulatory violations. Our evaluation of mainstream LLMs reveals an undesirable trade-off between utility and safe"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.02317","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2411.02317/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"56lUk0xBpmB9UvX1+YtmUW2vdOfUiMmtaGj/bO6Dh3xieYSz3youdz+yzvAMr7ZEbp0UfPT1owOnlP/MwTaRBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T16:13:59.341755Z"},"content_sha256":"aafb455ff95f9b2656def8096e770ee55fee0099627035310479769e579accce","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:aafb455ff95f9b2656def8096e770ee55fee0099627035310479769e579accce"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6EONFMN6DCIKBX475YH7YPGVZV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6EONFMN6DCIKBX475YH7YPGVZV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6EONFMN6DCIKBX475YH7YPGVZV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-22T16:13:59Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6EONFMN6DCIKBX475YH7YPGVZV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6EONFMN6DCIKBX475YH7YPGVZV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6EONFMN6DCIKBX475YH7YPGVZV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6EONFMN6DCIKBX475YH7YPGVZV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:6EONFMN6DCIKBX475YH7YPGVZV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0bff917d33363ed7a7101006c9ef95575fc26d9c210fe0073db0cc3fced14689","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-11-04T17:41:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"0f2ff0abc196f437f7aa5c8b28d48942a7c07dc8ab2abb654af551f1c134a34f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.02317","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.02317","created_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.02317v2","created_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.02317","created_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6EONFMN6DCIK","created_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6EONFMN6DCIKBX47","created_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6EONFMN6","created_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:aafb455ff95f9b2656def8096e770ee55fee0099627035310479769e579accce","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2411.02317/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to control robotic systems such as drones, but their risks of causing physical threats and harm in real-world applications remain unexplored. Our study addresses the critical gap in evaluating LLM physical safety by developing a comprehensive benchmark for drone control. We classify the physical safety risks of drones into four categories: (1) human-targeted threats, (2) object-targeted threats, (3) infrastructure attacks, and (4) regulatory violations. Our evaluation of mainstream LLMs reveals an undesirable trade-off between utility and safe","authors_text":"Pin-Yu Chen, Tsung-Yi Ho, Yung-Chen Tang","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CY"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-11-04T17:41:25Z","title":"Defining and Evaluating Physical Safety for Large Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.02317","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ab7a3467eed11958c68d1444008dbc9f01e3c07f87cc53246d9363f4396926a4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0bff917d33363ed7a7101006c9ef95575fc26d9c210fe0073db0cc3fced14689","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-11-04T17:41:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"0f2ff0abc196f437f7aa5c8b28d48942a7c07dc8ab2abb654af551f1c134a34f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.02317","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f11cd2b1be1890a0df9fee0ffc3cd5cd7e3d1af75481c87ab0e1b4920e2ce5eb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f11cd2b1be1890a0df9fee0ffc3cd5cd7e3d1af75481c87ab0e1b4920e2ce5eb","first_computed_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23.214152Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23.214152Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"3pz0zCOL41ym5ICJwiaaI1NyRhO4fiwTCLov6NEgUeuyLBv5p9bJmn7KrwXaaWrMqTBcPKDSeJHreJ2JjhbdAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-16T01:22:23.215142Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2411.02317","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ab7a3467eed11958c68d1444008dbc9f01e3c07f87cc53246d9363f4396926a4","sha256:aafb455ff95f9b2656def8096e770ee55fee0099627035310479769e579accce"],"state_sha256":"4ab77c1d20bcc227e9359146e31ad3267b2e9ea877042fd565d3fdf1d4fb00d9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"w5TEuVtUhxMXrJITZDaRHQi9j2ky2NcBzK7VI5DD7I0HGS077EE04Lgo1sdb+BDaMhyFIpTLvCHzbRIOHt3ABQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T16:13:59.346211Z","bundle_sha256":"e2cd5007d6755d4460ae28df028a6f50f454dcf44923662226bb8a89069f4ad8"}}