{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2008:6HG722Z4CYXOW4IJPX3ASZ6URI","short_pith_number":"pith:6HG722Z4","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0812.4373","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nlin.AO","submitted_at":"2008-12-23T11:31:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.CG"],"title_canon_sha256":"d2b63c370a1d74441c5599c56b0cbcb6ad52ba48a894dc0248da0d3ca0d2894a","abstract_canon_sha256":"8ff13d3a0f01484e972dc7eb59b7e802e5160522e1cbaf1146a2d3aea2a6cfdb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f1cdfd6b3c162eeb71097df60967d48a31e44a21c13f56bd7614a59798a6f2ed","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0812.4373","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0812.4373","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:01:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0812.4373v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:01:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0812.4373","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:01:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6HG722Z4CYXO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6HG722Z4CYXOW4IJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6HG722Z4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2008:6HG722Z4CYXOW4IJPX3ASZ6URI","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0812.4373","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nlin.AO","submitted_at":"2008-12-23T11:31:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.CG"],"title_canon_sha256":"d2b63c370a1d74441c5599c56b0cbcb6ad52ba48a894dc0248da0d3ca0d2894a","abstract_canon_sha256":"8ff13d3a0f01484e972dc7eb59b7e802e5160522e1cbaf1146a2d3aea2a6cfdb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f1cdfd6b3c162eeb71097df60967d48a31e44a21c13f56bd7614a59798a6f2ed","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:01:02.374068Z","signature_b64":"hgyuP3ni7HVJNoTe8keMh9f0j3HU981vohWp/y3PbTjoT0FQDvUJg7J3CgF4GJhgysL5LUhLMBxyP5E3S6hkCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f1cdfd6b3c162eeb71097df60967d48a31e44a21c13f56bd7614a59798a6f2ed","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:01:02.373336Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:01:02.373336Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0812.4373","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:01:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nYEGIfFC8GP+vlwkD2TYrpdHDKIyrrSLnKT62vxVdfWAvlKZo4aiusfFe3bSbE/y41wpE4jOEPCAPR4wOxQRDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T03:55:23.087056Z"},"content_sha256":"76d353a878079bd56a04f76af68e3564e87545b7cac422691b6bd0bb5f0c6156","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:76d353a878079bd56a04f76af68e3564e87545b7cac422691b6bd0bb5f0c6156"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2008:6HG722Z4CYXOW4IJPX3ASZ6URI","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Differentiating information transfer and causal effect","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["nlin.CG"],"primary_cat":"nlin.AO","authors_text":"Joseph T. Lizier, Mikhail Prokopenko","submitted_at":"2008-12-23T11:31:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"The concepts of information transfer and causal effect have received much recent attention, yet often the two are not appropriately distinguished and certain measures have been suggested to be suitable for both. We discuss two existing measures, transfer entropy and information flow, which can be used separately to quantify information transfer and causal information flow respectively. We apply these measures to cellular automata on a local scale in space and time, in order to explicitly contrast them and emphasize the differences between information transfer and causality. We also describe th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0812.4373","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:01:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0BamMm5hzVhvevAMidHxB5t9p08goTe8qkZGU25lQGHgMsC0m3RqFrOnNTKUDe9AODOZEnIiRrQp5zx6T86VBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T03:55:23.087706Z"},"content_sha256":"c6765a5a9f02bcd3ad44bd1a35b5c6e929796ec7403fcab37408cd334d8c7300","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c6765a5a9f02bcd3ad44bd1a35b5c6e929796ec7403fcab37408cd334d8c7300"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6HG722Z4CYXOW4IJPX3ASZ6URI/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6HG722Z4CYXOW4IJPX3ASZ6URI/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6HG722Z4CYXOW4IJPX3ASZ6URI/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T03:55:23Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6HG722Z4CYXOW4IJPX3ASZ6URI","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6HG722Z4CYXOW4IJPX3ASZ6URI/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6HG722Z4CYXOW4IJPX3ASZ6URI/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6HG722Z4CYXOW4IJPX3ASZ6URI/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2008:6HG722Z4CYXOW4IJPX3ASZ6URI","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8ff13d3a0f01484e972dc7eb59b7e802e5160522e1cbaf1146a2d3aea2a6cfdb","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.CG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nlin.AO","submitted_at":"2008-12-23T11:31:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"d2b63c370a1d74441c5599c56b0cbcb6ad52ba48a894dc0248da0d3ca0d2894a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0812.4373","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0812.4373","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:01:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0812.4373v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:01:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0812.4373","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:01:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6HG722Z4CYXO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6HG722Z4CYXOW4IJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6HG722Z4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c6765a5a9f02bcd3ad44bd1a35b5c6e929796ec7403fcab37408cd334d8c7300","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:01:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The concepts of information transfer and causal effect have received much recent attention, yet often the two are not appropriately distinguished and certain measures have been suggested to be suitable for both. We discuss two existing measures, transfer entropy and information flow, which can be used separately to quantify information transfer and causal information flow respectively. We apply these measures to cellular automata on a local scale in space and time, in order to explicitly contrast them and emphasize the differences between information transfer and causality. We also describe th","authors_text":"Joseph T. Lizier, Mikhail Prokopenko","cross_cats":["nlin.CG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nlin.AO","submitted_at":"2008-12-23T11:31:25Z","title":"Differentiating information transfer and causal effect"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0812.4373","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:76d353a878079bd56a04f76af68e3564e87545b7cac422691b6bd0bb5f0c6156","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:01:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8ff13d3a0f01484e972dc7eb59b7e802e5160522e1cbaf1146a2d3aea2a6cfdb","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.CG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nlin.AO","submitted_at":"2008-12-23T11:31:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"d2b63c370a1d74441c5599c56b0cbcb6ad52ba48a894dc0248da0d3ca0d2894a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0812.4373","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f1cdfd6b3c162eeb71097df60967d48a31e44a21c13f56bd7614a59798a6f2ed","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f1cdfd6b3c162eeb71097df60967d48a31e44a21c13f56bd7614a59798a6f2ed","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:01:02.373336Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:01:02.373336Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"hgyuP3ni7HVJNoTe8keMh9f0j3HU981vohWp/y3PbTjoT0FQDvUJg7J3CgF4GJhgysL5LUhLMBxyP5E3S6hkCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:01:02.374068Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0812.4373","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:76d353a878079bd56a04f76af68e3564e87545b7cac422691b6bd0bb5f0c6156","sha256:c6765a5a9f02bcd3ad44bd1a35b5c6e929796ec7403fcab37408cd334d8c7300"],"state_sha256":"00b08172ae800ba4456a5e9257aa2f7fbc12379b2171855ed5787b82b7c3fcd3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DWgf1c71O2cbr+agSSsPqM1GfKG97Qi6CySOi5cDxctTPn8mhPjmcKdwxBFcN76Pddwk5a3fFvuUtS0+O/TACQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T03:55:23.091204Z","bundle_sha256":"992cb602b7ac1fecbb1a1d25abac5297e8c74fe2e8fb9a45e844034fbb63c9a9"}}