{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:6HIISJWNFRNI3VTGNLF35ET7IK","short_pith_number":"pith:6HIISJWN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2603.16077","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-03-17T02:54:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"232dc460b5a450d5ab24e1f34f88dc25201ba622f5956300701ca1b93a866680","abstract_canon_sha256":"8abea9dc14e850646ce813eeaa6f806ed4c58f4493e8fe3d9fa7451437f961ee"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f1d08926cd2c5a8dd6666acbbe927f429659870dedefa854ed2b4d9f84e0a7df","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2603.16077","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2603.16077","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2603.16077v3","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2603.16077","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6HIISJWNFRNI","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6HIISJWNFRNI3VTG","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6HIISJWN","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:6HIISJWNFRNI3VTGNLF35ET7IK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2603.16077","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-03-17T02:54:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"232dc460b5a450d5ab24e1f34f88dc25201ba622f5956300701ca1b93a866680","abstract_canon_sha256":"8abea9dc14e850646ce813eeaa6f806ed4c58f4493e8fe3d9fa7451437f961ee"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f1d08926cd2c5a8dd6666acbbe927f429659870dedefa854ed2b4d9f84e0a7df","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00.370462Z","signature_b64":"4zBABBoPn/IkV6I2RVJjMtio8n2iOgSg5vg0dN/u7b1vnYWU8bPSFslaHseo4wqXjXHQtZSdgePNNxuFJL6eAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f1d08926cd2c5a8dd6666acbbe927f429659870dedefa854ed2b4d9f84e0a7df","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00.369794Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00.369794Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2603.16077","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4JLlM/R18HOl+8Yz7k4+W07NeONzzqusNGLq98SZLotszdb0p4EK7DElsHw6gJSIBgnoO6RcNPl6KIGLqXrfAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T21:00:22.573192Z"},"content_sha256":"1d7c293fe1f64ea27eaeb22410fc32b94760e162690c2885a8923933f821dbd3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1d7c293fe1f64ea27eaeb22410fc32b94760e162690c2885a8923933f821dbd3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:6HIISJWNFRNI3VTGNLF35ET7IK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"MDM-Prime-v2: Binary Encoding and Index Shuffling Enable Scaling of Diffusion Language Models","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Chen-Hao Chao, Chun-Yi Lee, Junwei Quan, Rahul G. Krishnan, Wei-Fang Sun","submitted_at":"2026-03-17T02:54:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"Masked diffusion models (MDM) exhibit superior generalization when learned using a Partial masking scheme (Prime). This approach converts tokens into sub-tokens and models the diffusion process at the sub-token level. We identify two limitations of the MDM-Prime framework. First, we find that the functional form of the subtokenizer significantly increases the cross-entropy loss in the objective when paired with commonly used Byte-Pair-Encoding (BPE) tokenizers. Second, we lack tools to guide the hyperparameter choice of the token granularity in the subtokenizer. To address these limitations, w"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2603.16077","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2603.16077/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vPVyAGSLws67Mf1xsamHSO+Qi94iQ0CslUNM4iNZpTL30DW2GIQFzb1NWLTK5wXOOMnmgKYzF4ZqUdsRk8ErCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T21:00:22.573579Z"},"content_sha256":"d3380e1002da16893a78b2b5649ecf2d58870125cf805a26ddc34425f417f78d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d3380e1002da16893a78b2b5649ecf2d58870125cf805a26ddc34425f417f78d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6HIISJWNFRNI3VTGNLF35ET7IK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6HIISJWNFRNI3VTGNLF35ET7IK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6HIISJWNFRNI3VTGNLF35ET7IK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T21:00:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6HIISJWNFRNI3VTGNLF35ET7IK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6HIISJWNFRNI3VTGNLF35ET7IK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6HIISJWNFRNI3VTGNLF35ET7IK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6HIISJWNFRNI3VTGNLF35ET7IK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:6HIISJWNFRNI3VTGNLF35ET7IK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8abea9dc14e850646ce813eeaa6f806ed4c58f4493e8fe3d9fa7451437f961ee","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-03-17T02:54:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"232dc460b5a450d5ab24e1f34f88dc25201ba622f5956300701ca1b93a866680"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2603.16077","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2603.16077","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2603.16077v3","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2603.16077","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6HIISJWNFRNI","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6HIISJWNFRNI3VTG","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6HIISJWN","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d3380e1002da16893a78b2b5649ecf2d58870125cf805a26ddc34425f417f78d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2603.16077/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Masked diffusion models (MDM) exhibit superior generalization when learned using a Partial masking scheme (Prime). This approach converts tokens into sub-tokens and models the diffusion process at the sub-token level. We identify two limitations of the MDM-Prime framework. First, we find that the functional form of the subtokenizer significantly increases the cross-entropy loss in the objective when paired with commonly used Byte-Pair-Encoding (BPE) tokenizers. Second, we lack tools to guide the hyperparameter choice of the token granularity in the subtokenizer. To address these limitations, w","authors_text":"Chen-Hao Chao, Chun-Yi Lee, Junwei Quan, Rahul G. Krishnan, Wei-Fang Sun","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-03-17T02:54:16Z","title":"MDM-Prime-v2: Binary Encoding and Index Shuffling Enable Scaling of Diffusion Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2603.16077","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1d7c293fe1f64ea27eaeb22410fc32b94760e162690c2885a8923933f821dbd3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8abea9dc14e850646ce813eeaa6f806ed4c58f4493e8fe3d9fa7451437f961ee","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-03-17T02:54:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"232dc460b5a450d5ab24e1f34f88dc25201ba622f5956300701ca1b93a866680"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2603.16077","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"f1d08926cd2c5a8dd6666acbbe927f429659870dedefa854ed2b4d9f84e0a7df","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f1d08926cd2c5a8dd6666acbbe927f429659870dedefa854ed2b4d9f84e0a7df","first_computed_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00.369794Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00.369794Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"4zBABBoPn/IkV6I2RVJjMtio8n2iOgSg5vg0dN/u7b1vnYWU8bPSFslaHseo4wqXjXHQtZSdgePNNxuFJL6eAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:00.370462Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2603.16077","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1d7c293fe1f64ea27eaeb22410fc32b94760e162690c2885a8923933f821dbd3","sha256:d3380e1002da16893a78b2b5649ecf2d58870125cf805a26ddc34425f417f78d"],"state_sha256":"99c6e934146eaac3ae555ff2174119ebe79aba391d53c2f3015a4020f5219031"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nvcZHFtCFS+QeNXTVaU9bYkHmOd4dUF7RMf8dqgh6ZEml9tVKHjs7up7qR5ADfquwoEaYp+05T8/NPwup0j9Aw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T21:00:22.575654Z","bundle_sha256":"771f87a62560161bc540fde0750f40795daca335db848dc75c1e433481dc501c"}}