{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2004:6HS3RH7YKQGEGOH7MGOXBDJE74","short_pith_number":"pith:6HS3RH7Y","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-ph/0411057","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2004-11-04T08:51:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"40e630040adbebecfcc365769d9d5378317a7aac453fad742213ab3de80b4a91","abstract_canon_sha256":"48de869d9be38b2564a62f58629842c224ffbd7a648e87d3210159c390d86bc7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f1e5b89ff8540c4338ff619d708d24ff3a55cd965dc59b417b73bc0d2750bb2e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"hep-ph/0411057","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-ph/0411057","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-ph/0411057v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/0411057","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6HS3RH7YKQGE","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6HS3RH7YKQGEGOH7","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6HS3RH7Y","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2004:6HS3RH7YKQGEGOH7MGOXBDJE74","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-ph/0411057","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2004-11-04T08:51:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"40e630040adbebecfcc365769d9d5378317a7aac453fad742213ab3de80b4a91","abstract_canon_sha256":"48de869d9be38b2564a62f58629842c224ffbd7a648e87d3210159c390d86bc7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f1e5b89ff8540c4338ff619d708d24ff3a55cd965dc59b417b73bc0d2750bb2e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09.104080Z","signature_b64":"FXSJkip+wWFWASIGJFFilZXJcXypFEQcf0yWuEY9eXSBMAmuoOqlqXwVeCZE2Bjvg+f9CJpvFmodfWqkpJDGDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f1e5b89ff8540c4338ff619d708d24ff3a55cd965dc59b417b73bc0d2750bb2e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09.103693Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09.103693Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"hep-ph/0411057","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KYkustHaidTSEVDWEWQmdNexTkCTYv8UbshcaeHvo15+VYbRvKsL5RmkWDCs5KO9i0FTCVrFz26U6PF/aaJHAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T13:58:49.462120Z"},"content_sha256":"cd93d3d40dc27248100f304767844f135fd25daff9c3417600b57c46b6095cae","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cd93d3d40dc27248100f304767844f135fd25daff9c3417600b57c46b6095cae"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2004:6HS3RH7YKQGEGOH7MGOXBDJE74","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Wilson line breaking and gauge coupling unification","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"G. G. Ross","submitted_at":"2004-11-04T08:51:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"We estimate the effect of threshold corrections coming from Wilson lines to gauge coupling unification in the weakly coupled heterotic string with orbifold compactification. By expressing the corrections in terms of an effective field theory calculation we are able to estimate the minimal threshold corrections in a realistic model without constructing the full string theory. Using this we show that the effect of the gauge boson Kaluza Klein excitations is systematically to reduce the string prediction for the unification scale. In the case of discrete Wilson lines the effect of the Wilson line"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-ph/0411057","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/hep-ph/0411057/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vY1YEWd+EDhVYqp8M/LWuWtF5fe7xfXS9ZCu2b3Ui6LeSpWuAcvBVU4a4G9ghTyzI4ensBggYH1jusCDR089CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T13:58:49.462641Z"},"content_sha256":"0c4de3f052fdbd37b94f87146ed7fb4967c5e4f041eab5cf8a5f5a59f85a37b4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0c4de3f052fdbd37b94f87146ed7fb4967c5e4f041eab5cf8a5f5a59f85a37b4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6HS3RH7YKQGEGOH7MGOXBDJE74/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6HS3RH7YKQGEGOH7MGOXBDJE74/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6HS3RH7YKQGEGOH7MGOXBDJE74/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-15T13:58:49Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6HS3RH7YKQGEGOH7MGOXBDJE74","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6HS3RH7YKQGEGOH7MGOXBDJE74/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6HS3RH7YKQGEGOH7MGOXBDJE74/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6HS3RH7YKQGEGOH7MGOXBDJE74/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2004:6HS3RH7YKQGEGOH7MGOXBDJE74","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"48de869d9be38b2564a62f58629842c224ffbd7a648e87d3210159c390d86bc7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2004-11-04T08:51:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"40e630040adbebecfcc365769d9d5378317a7aac453fad742213ab3de80b4a91"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-ph/0411057","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-ph/0411057","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-ph/0411057v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/0411057","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6HS3RH7YKQGE","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6HS3RH7YKQGEGOH7","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6HS3RH7Y","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0c4de3f052fdbd37b94f87146ed7fb4967c5e4f041eab5cf8a5f5a59f85a37b4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/hep-ph/0411057/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We estimate the effect of threshold corrections coming from Wilson lines to gauge coupling unification in the weakly coupled heterotic string with orbifold compactification. By expressing the corrections in terms of an effective field theory calculation we are able to estimate the minimal threshold corrections in a realistic model without constructing the full string theory. Using this we show that the effect of the gauge boson Kaluza Klein excitations is systematically to reduce the string prediction for the unification scale. In the case of discrete Wilson lines the effect of the Wilson line","authors_text":"G. G. Ross","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2004-11-04T08:51:04Z","title":"Wilson line breaking and gauge coupling unification"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-ph/0411057","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cd93d3d40dc27248100f304767844f135fd25daff9c3417600b57c46b6095cae","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"48de869d9be38b2564a62f58629842c224ffbd7a648e87d3210159c390d86bc7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2004-11-04T08:51:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"40e630040adbebecfcc365769d9d5378317a7aac453fad742213ab3de80b4a91"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-ph/0411057","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f1e5b89ff8540c4338ff619d708d24ff3a55cd965dc59b417b73bc0d2750bb2e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f1e5b89ff8540c4338ff619d708d24ff3a55cd965dc59b417b73bc0d2750bb2e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09.103693Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09.103693Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"FXSJkip+wWFWASIGJFFilZXJcXypFEQcf0yWuEY9eXSBMAmuoOqlqXwVeCZE2Bjvg+f9CJpvFmodfWqkpJDGDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T14:29:09.104080Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"hep-ph/0411057","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cd93d3d40dc27248100f304767844f135fd25daff9c3417600b57c46b6095cae","sha256:0c4de3f052fdbd37b94f87146ed7fb4967c5e4f041eab5cf8a5f5a59f85a37b4"],"state_sha256":"d45398b6b94081a2bf9b467d6a1d513f63f4580f126116f06e7d2877146d8e74"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"R8Qx4vvKK5kxJzzmtlrSyyKQKhOcgNlcx8qP7ZZXWU+lVsStGMrK1Fpj3888JMb9aX18WQk4aOREFwLix7CmDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T13:58:49.468202Z","bundle_sha256":"3e9fd1b1c243d187c571b99d214f8a79c59e6274f358159bbe9c99d37ccad22e"}}