{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:6KYE2ZN7TVQZI7LR2AG3SZT4T5","short_pith_number":"pith:6KYE2ZN7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2311.10054","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-11-16T17:48:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY","cs.HC","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"ac8fa91c409b1bb83c49f133e001335e8380946db89d8e49447b99779a584334","abstract_canon_sha256":"6f41715ab5606bf855e3870331c5f81f64215c8a371a2220b19a70370157833f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f2b04d65bf9d61947d71d00db9667c9f442ba93af6051f2c92b3c2254b9eb9b9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2311.10054","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2311.10054","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2311.10054v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.10054","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6KYE2ZN7TVQZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6KYE2ZN7TVQZI7LR","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6KYE2ZN7","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:6KYE2ZN7TVQZI7LR2AG3SZT4T5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2311.10054","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-11-16T17:48:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY","cs.HC","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"ac8fa91c409b1bb83c49f133e001335e8380946db89d8e49447b99779a584334","abstract_canon_sha256":"6f41715ab5606bf855e3870331c5f81f64215c8a371a2220b19a70370157833f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f2b04d65bf9d61947d71d00db9667c9f442ba93af6051f2c92b3c2254b9eb9b9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34.782161Z","signature_b64":"sSs7PYaHayTymIA9adAUw15YJg/jOVD7i7pxenDmJYk7O7BNVYVK2ArefStypQvDGqoEcLZZbRi1GKxXZqh0CA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f2b04d65bf9d61947d71d00db9667c9f442ba93af6051f2c92b3c2254b9eb9b9","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34.781576Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34.781576Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2311.10054","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qjXcFhzx+AqAtUISfhZNwrRtJ30jDMCaZLzHa8xYE3JAvqtf/f+MdaPaqRsznuWMLjH7c/7ZjXoRtg5tU4hJBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T15:53:32.232787Z"},"content_sha256":"64f7239968709addc9261d0f78ee4181f19ee33d5aec940353ccfcf716ec5c48","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:64f7239968709addc9261d0f78ee4181f19ee33d5aec940353ccfcf716ec5c48"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:6KYE2ZN7TVQZI7LR2AG3SZT4T5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"When \"A Helpful Assistant\" Is Not Really Helpful: Personas in System Prompts Do Not Improve Performances of Large Language Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CY","cs.HC","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"David Jurgens, Jiaxin Pei, Lajanugen Logeswaran, Mingqian Zheng, Moontae Lee","submitted_at":"2023-11-16T17:48:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"Prompting serves as the major way humans interact with Large Language Models (LLM). Commercial AI systems commonly define the role of the LLM in system prompts. For example, ChatGPT uses ``You are a helpful assistant'' as part of its default system prompt. Despite current practices of adding personas to system prompts, it remains unclear how different personas affect a model's performance on objective tasks. In this study, we present a systematic evaluation of personas in system prompts. We curate a list of 162 roles covering 6 types of interpersonal relationships and 8 domains of expertise. T"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2311.10054","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2311.10054/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3CMvTrCpoHR/dBh2+mC01wCv2Ot9K5rpdeWMaQxNFHR2kyJGB0xOYNxKR0pOe9SamDou2pGVaLPjttymNpB2Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T15:53:32.233430Z"},"content_sha256":"84ecc72f188ce1b7a263992aa556ddb98d8464e0e354ebd440c294814892d0a6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:84ecc72f188ce1b7a263992aa556ddb98d8464e0e354ebd440c294814892d0a6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6KYE2ZN7TVQZI7LR2AG3SZT4T5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6KYE2ZN7TVQZI7LR2AG3SZT4T5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6KYE2ZN7TVQZI7LR2AG3SZT4T5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T15:53:32Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6KYE2ZN7TVQZI7LR2AG3SZT4T5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6KYE2ZN7TVQZI7LR2AG3SZT4T5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6KYE2ZN7TVQZI7LR2AG3SZT4T5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6KYE2ZN7TVQZI7LR2AG3SZT4T5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:6KYE2ZN7TVQZI7LR2AG3SZT4T5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6f41715ab5606bf855e3870331c5f81f64215c8a371a2220b19a70370157833f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY","cs.HC","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-11-16T17:48:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"ac8fa91c409b1bb83c49f133e001335e8380946db89d8e49447b99779a584334"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2311.10054","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2311.10054","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2311.10054v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.10054","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6KYE2ZN7TVQZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6KYE2ZN7TVQZI7LR","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6KYE2ZN7","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:84ecc72f188ce1b7a263992aa556ddb98d8464e0e354ebd440c294814892d0a6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2311.10054/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Prompting serves as the major way humans interact with Large Language Models (LLM). Commercial AI systems commonly define the role of the LLM in system prompts. For example, ChatGPT uses ``You are a helpful assistant'' as part of its default system prompt. Despite current practices of adding personas to system prompts, it remains unclear how different personas affect a model's performance on objective tasks. In this study, we present a systematic evaluation of personas in system prompts. We curate a list of 162 roles covering 6 types of interpersonal relationships and 8 domains of expertise. T","authors_text":"David Jurgens, Jiaxin Pei, Lajanugen Logeswaran, Mingqian Zheng, Moontae Lee","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CY","cs.HC","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-11-16T17:48:55Z","title":"When \"A Helpful Assistant\" Is Not Really Helpful: Personas in System Prompts Do Not Improve Performances of Large Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2311.10054","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:64f7239968709addc9261d0f78ee4181f19ee33d5aec940353ccfcf716ec5c48","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6f41715ab5606bf855e3870331c5f81f64215c8a371a2220b19a70370157833f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY","cs.HC","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-11-16T17:48:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"ac8fa91c409b1bb83c49f133e001335e8380946db89d8e49447b99779a584334"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2311.10054","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"f2b04d65bf9d61947d71d00db9667c9f442ba93af6051f2c92b3c2254b9eb9b9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f2b04d65bf9d61947d71d00db9667c9f442ba93af6051f2c92b3c2254b9eb9b9","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34.781576Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34.781576Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"sSs7PYaHayTymIA9adAUw15YJg/jOVD7i7pxenDmJYk7O7BNVYVK2ArefStypQvDGqoEcLZZbRi1GKxXZqh0CA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:17:34.782161Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2311.10054","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:64f7239968709addc9261d0f78ee4181f19ee33d5aec940353ccfcf716ec5c48","sha256:84ecc72f188ce1b7a263992aa556ddb98d8464e0e354ebd440c294814892d0a6"],"state_sha256":"d1f57d12a315a6861241f6cf54e92cccda0c7d2dc2810d4adf9664ba983eb202"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ldPGMVDZyT2pPVAUoNv/yIBkVKYuiXy/s7sjg+Wim3kUt/7tvZTRrCDxQIz4eb6exEInrtyx60g81EkPvyOjAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T15:53:32.238346Z","bundle_sha256":"841994c713328137494525ecfcc2dd6cc10063551f6699cdccdca13c5322629d"}}