{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:6KZE6MN7H42M7Z7RIJ3ILUDZWJ","short_pith_number":"pith:6KZE6MN7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.02301","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2023-12-04T19:34:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"65946907b33e8aaaf52f4a1e794dcc46181c175a57a179a8f9f40b9a1090e960","abstract_canon_sha256":"47c2ae683d5e1c0e3d8ac6f2e2653d721622a60cb620cc443461b9d3d829bbf3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f2b24f31bf3f34cfe7f1427685d079b2478e58ea8da76786d13e67125958bb57","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2312.02301","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.02301","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.02301v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.02301","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6KZE6MN7H42M","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6KZE6MN7H42M7Z7R","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6KZE6MN7","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:6KZE6MN7H42M7Z7RIJ3ILUDZWJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.02301","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2023-12-04T19:34:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"65946907b33e8aaaf52f4a1e794dcc46181c175a57a179a8f9f40b9a1090e960","abstract_canon_sha256":"47c2ae683d5e1c0e3d8ac6f2e2653d721622a60cb620cc443461b9d3d829bbf3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f2b24f31bf3f34cfe7f1427685d079b2478e58ea8da76786d13e67125958bb57","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15.994946Z","signature_b64":"elIRHlj4bWqjpJ8ClWMwUztADC07TMuUe1tO9pdeAH7i5GHdCEeFZPT5asgg8fVuD5V/3xMSoTyuMfquMz3yBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f2b24f31bf3f34cfe7f1427685d079b2478e58ea8da76786d13e67125958bb57","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15.994479Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15.994479Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2312.02301","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bOm8rSaNe0+faSwSNVWlVTXqx+KBcEnmnthgvaMt5FJdGQcBR/uQP9HCuKvKM1Oaz9YdQYkNUlWa5DvO4YzZBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T21:17:26.023301Z"},"content_sha256":"1fdb6b4983903a8411d010bf6febf2c7f6b58ff0972e7c4079757ca06d718b85","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1fdb6b4983903a8411d010bf6febf2c7f6b58ff0972e7c4079757ca06d718b85"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:6KZE6MN7H42M7Z7RIJ3ILUDZWJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Aerosols are not Spherical Cows: Using Discrete Dipole Approximation to Model the Properties of Fractal Particles","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.SR"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Hannah R. Wakeford, Matt G. Lodge, Zoe M. Leinhardt","submitted_at":"2023-12-04T19:34:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"The optical properties of particulate-matter aerosols, within the context of exoplanet and brown dwarf atmospheres, are compared using three different models: Mie theory, Modified Mean Field (MMF) Theory, and Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA). Previous results have demonstrated that fractal haze particles (MMF and DDA) absorb much less long-wavelength radiation than their spherical counterparts (Mie), however it is shown here that the opposite can also be true if a more varying refractive index profile is used. Additionally, it is demonstrated that absorption and scattering cross-sections, a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.02301","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2312.02301/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"T29iH333hsbqQ9hSJvSpVCQtoGe4NvjQ2nOb0Px8j9Aj1oad/m0Q9a+ZNebyJf6JY3G9dIaPbAs6N7yWlf8DAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T21:17:26.023693Z"},"content_sha256":"0faae3a3a4d8d3f415610eb2010f62531e31ad7a36f7b021540135a2185f865c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0faae3a3a4d8d3f415610eb2010f62531e31ad7a36f7b021540135a2185f865c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6KZE6MN7H42M7Z7RIJ3ILUDZWJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6KZE6MN7H42M7Z7RIJ3ILUDZWJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6KZE6MN7H42M7Z7RIJ3ILUDZWJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T21:17:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6KZE6MN7H42M7Z7RIJ3ILUDZWJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6KZE6MN7H42M7Z7RIJ3ILUDZWJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6KZE6MN7H42M7Z7RIJ3ILUDZWJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6KZE6MN7H42M7Z7RIJ3ILUDZWJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:6KZE6MN7H42M7Z7RIJ3ILUDZWJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"47c2ae683d5e1c0e3d8ac6f2e2653d721622a60cb620cc443461b9d3d829bbf3","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2023-12-04T19:34:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"65946907b33e8aaaf52f4a1e794dcc46181c175a57a179a8f9f40b9a1090e960"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.02301","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.02301","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.02301v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.02301","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6KZE6MN7H42M","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6KZE6MN7H42M7Z7R","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6KZE6MN7","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0faae3a3a4d8d3f415610eb2010f62531e31ad7a36f7b021540135a2185f865c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2312.02301/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The optical properties of particulate-matter aerosols, within the context of exoplanet and brown dwarf atmospheres, are compared using three different models: Mie theory, Modified Mean Field (MMF) Theory, and Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA). Previous results have demonstrated that fractal haze particles (MMF and DDA) absorb much less long-wavelength radiation than their spherical counterparts (Mie), however it is shown here that the opposite can also be true if a more varying refractive index profile is used. Additionally, it is demonstrated that absorption and scattering cross-sections, a","authors_text":"Hannah R. Wakeford, Matt G. Lodge, Zoe M. Leinhardt","cross_cats":["astro-ph.SR"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2023-12-04T19:34:43Z","title":"Aerosols are not Spherical Cows: Using Discrete Dipole Approximation to Model the Properties of Fractal Particles"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.02301","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1fdb6b4983903a8411d010bf6febf2c7f6b58ff0972e7c4079757ca06d718b85","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"47c2ae683d5e1c0e3d8ac6f2e2653d721622a60cb620cc443461b9d3d829bbf3","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2023-12-04T19:34:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"65946907b33e8aaaf52f4a1e794dcc46181c175a57a179a8f9f40b9a1090e960"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.02301","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f2b24f31bf3f34cfe7f1427685d079b2478e58ea8da76786d13e67125958bb57","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f2b24f31bf3f34cfe7f1427685d079b2478e58ea8da76786d13e67125958bb57","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15.994479Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15.994479Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"elIRHlj4bWqjpJ8ClWMwUztADC07TMuUe1tO9pdeAH7i5GHdCEeFZPT5asgg8fVuD5V/3xMSoTyuMfquMz3yBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:20:15.994946Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2312.02301","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1fdb6b4983903a8411d010bf6febf2c7f6b58ff0972e7c4079757ca06d718b85","sha256:0faae3a3a4d8d3f415610eb2010f62531e31ad7a36f7b021540135a2185f865c"],"state_sha256":"2eb8f072b751a8ee343f32caa988928d7fc5253901a78c9cd6db2d59553782e6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"02BAtWNyJ6Onmxy09hBF1rx0qbKwicvQvW+uWjRz7Qy+uqMSxZKqBI7CVM+PntTXHq46Bl4tRt8DhT49YCzgBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T21:17:26.026574Z","bundle_sha256":"48962c9d1029017ec8ee56942afc80bbdadb608126501f65ec066a3e07fcd41b"}}