{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:6LYIT2HFIPD2SD7X4ZWDPXN3NO","short_pith_number":"pith:6LYIT2HF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1609.02265","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-09-08T04:28:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c3624dca22f74ba33d82f88bdbc00dd511dc1fc583d91e0dc40c50904b96a975","abstract_canon_sha256":"5d43967afa9952a6d58d4090c608c8234e355b19a95b8238c71749daafcd9fda"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f2f089e8e543c7a90ff7e66c37ddbb6b9a507c5f01486728184d393eb8b6d4c7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1609.02265","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1609.02265","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1609.02265v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1609.02265","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6LYIT2HFIPD2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6LYIT2HFIPD2SD7X","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6LYIT2HF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:6LYIT2HFIPD2SD7X4ZWDPXN3NO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1609.02265","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-09-08T04:28:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c3624dca22f74ba33d82f88bdbc00dd511dc1fc583d91e0dc40c50904b96a975","abstract_canon_sha256":"5d43967afa9952a6d58d4090c608c8234e355b19a95b8238c71749daafcd9fda"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f2f089e8e543c7a90ff7e66c37ddbb6b9a507c5f01486728184d393eb8b6d4c7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:49.101574Z","signature_b64":"KI5wtNjtzMCNANlFJelja3t6mlDlWa+W4m+zNmp2UPSDOLKlgFIwG1eJ4uSH1eeVvn0Q/urlsV3g1D3cIITPDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f2f089e8e543c7a90ff7e66c37ddbb6b9a507c5f01486728184d393eb8b6d4c7","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:49.100915Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:49.100915Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1609.02265","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0eTagYJfJBNO5KekpKxfuWrajKpHJGDGGaNl8giZxdHo55vedjkTmig4kI4BHNOT7DMPsFPrsAJEwVgUrl7hBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T22:49:09.871936Z"},"content_sha256":"1a704f00f1c31c6c8e73f468075517a69cc71226d126a1cf8496731e2c3767f9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1a704f00f1c31c6c8e73f468075517a69cc71226d126a1cf8496731e2c3767f9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:6LYIT2HFIPD2SD7X4ZWDPXN3NO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Defect production in nonequilibrium phase transitions: Experimental investigation of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism in a two-qubit quantum simulator","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Dieter Suter, Fernando M. Cucchietti, Jingfu Zhang, Raymond Laflamme","submitted_at":"2016-09-08T04:28:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"Systems passing through quantum critical points at finite rates have a finite probability of undergoing transitions between different eigenstates of the instantaneous Hamiltonian. This mechanism was proposed by Kibble as the underlying mechanism for the formation of topological defects in the early universe and by Zurek for condensed matter systems. Here, we use a system of nuclear spins as an experimental quantum simulator undergoing a non-equilibrium quantum phase transition. The experimental data confirm the validity of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism of defect formation."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1609.02265","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7zMnftSFDdyc6D1oApoPBo2zW18w9tMt7/8KxzDkK8aRsdVEGVV7UjeK05WxEYY7yomOaYwmSZ6WofGapwzLCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T22:49:09.872685Z"},"content_sha256":"7dd63a64804200b1e2b3d8ef67469a50b90ea9e82a5ec9ee143ac85e0e8e8427","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7dd63a64804200b1e2b3d8ef67469a50b90ea9e82a5ec9ee143ac85e0e8e8427"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6LYIT2HFIPD2SD7X4ZWDPXN3NO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6LYIT2HFIPD2SD7X4ZWDPXN3NO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6LYIT2HFIPD2SD7X4ZWDPXN3NO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T22:49:09Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6LYIT2HFIPD2SD7X4ZWDPXN3NO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6LYIT2HFIPD2SD7X4ZWDPXN3NO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6LYIT2HFIPD2SD7X4ZWDPXN3NO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6LYIT2HFIPD2SD7X4ZWDPXN3NO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:6LYIT2HFIPD2SD7X4ZWDPXN3NO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5d43967afa9952a6d58d4090c608c8234e355b19a95b8238c71749daafcd9fda","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-09-08T04:28:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"c3624dca22f74ba33d82f88bdbc00dd511dc1fc583d91e0dc40c50904b96a975"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1609.02265","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1609.02265","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1609.02265v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1609.02265","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6LYIT2HFIPD2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6LYIT2HFIPD2SD7X","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6LYIT2HF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7dd63a64804200b1e2b3d8ef67469a50b90ea9e82a5ec9ee143ac85e0e8e8427","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Systems passing through quantum critical points at finite rates have a finite probability of undergoing transitions between different eigenstates of the instantaneous Hamiltonian. This mechanism was proposed by Kibble as the underlying mechanism for the formation of topological defects in the early universe and by Zurek for condensed matter systems. Here, we use a system of nuclear spins as an experimental quantum simulator undergoing a non-equilibrium quantum phase transition. The experimental data confirm the validity of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism of defect formation.","authors_text":"Dieter Suter, Fernando M. Cucchietti, Jingfu Zhang, Raymond Laflamme","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-09-08T04:28:32Z","title":"Defect production in nonequilibrium phase transitions: Experimental investigation of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism in a two-qubit quantum simulator"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1609.02265","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1a704f00f1c31c6c8e73f468075517a69cc71226d126a1cf8496731e2c3767f9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5d43967afa9952a6d58d4090c608c8234e355b19a95b8238c71749daafcd9fda","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-09-08T04:28:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"c3624dca22f74ba33d82f88bdbc00dd511dc1fc583d91e0dc40c50904b96a975"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1609.02265","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f2f089e8e543c7a90ff7e66c37ddbb6b9a507c5f01486728184d393eb8b6d4c7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f2f089e8e543c7a90ff7e66c37ddbb6b9a507c5f01486728184d393eb8b6d4c7","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:49.100915Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:49.100915Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"KI5wtNjtzMCNANlFJelja3t6mlDlWa+W4m+zNmp2UPSDOLKlgFIwG1eJ4uSH1eeVvn0Q/urlsV3g1D3cIITPDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:49.101574Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1609.02265","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1a704f00f1c31c6c8e73f468075517a69cc71226d126a1cf8496731e2c3767f9","sha256:7dd63a64804200b1e2b3d8ef67469a50b90ea9e82a5ec9ee143ac85e0e8e8427"],"state_sha256":"570563c22687416596d805293f16e5272774c95416b58ff30fe55e5282637cb5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+PkwU2u7Av0pa3fTVA/PFNzvcg+g3X942j3dZRXU3CrWwSw4uDd9dlGHKYsXCNTB/K7lQ3vRcCfS66yrfXczCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T22:49:09.876911Z","bundle_sha256":"d4932db127bfa375cb7ac9f0d3d7b82b0e58665fe534119eafa4ad1fef6a76c3"}}