{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:6NRRPBCNEIX6N54F7WE4QZQQVD","short_pith_number":"pith:6NRRPBCN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1711.02825","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2017-11-08T04:35:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2cbcbb0aa3e2327a946808936c583cbc6b3892d81f2126ed9e0c37f52438dde7","abstract_canon_sha256":"146a9b8cf955517daa5d092bad866e07f6557c316af894017d3db531f5156ba6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f36317844d222fe6f785fd89c86610a8c2c5487976895974ff2036d9a90e198f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1711.02825","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1711.02825","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1711.02825v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1711.02825","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6NRRPBCNEIX6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6NRRPBCNEIX6N54F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6NRRPBCN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:6NRRPBCNEIX6N54F7WE4QZQQVD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1711.02825","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2017-11-08T04:35:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2cbcbb0aa3e2327a946808936c583cbc6b3892d81f2126ed9e0c37f52438dde7","abstract_canon_sha256":"146a9b8cf955517daa5d092bad866e07f6557c316af894017d3db531f5156ba6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f36317844d222fe6f785fd89c86610a8c2c5487976895974ff2036d9a90e198f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:44.286610Z","signature_b64":"WqTZIMVhTcty8rI7Zq4belzLIxlQAFJbvp8Gt7CPTdJZrepuxyXDluGeGVtC0zCJEFnIv0k75gjEWD25JNDzAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f36317844d222fe6f785fd89c86610a8c2c5487976895974ff2036d9a90e198f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:44.285969Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:44.285969Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1711.02825","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YL7wkTluYDwwZVEahQLSeMdhjb6V73xlWnlKfF9tmABVdcfg1wmfZYPPTMhfifxj1jxzXJAPgi1N6MoMiV8tBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T23:59:09.953683Z"},"content_sha256":"b29bf56f40735763dd28044c98eace4a826c26ee8abf13a6e8a9e98c96f12bde","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b29bf56f40735763dd28044c98eace4a826c26ee8abf13a6e8a9e98c96f12bde"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:6NRRPBCNEIX6N54F7WE4QZQQVD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Towards Developing Network forensic mechanism for Botnet Activities in the IoT based on Machine Learning Techniques","license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Elena Sitnikova, Jill Slay, Nickolaos Koroniotis, Nour Moustafa","submitted_at":"2017-11-08T04:35:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"The IoT is a network of interconnected everyday objects called things that have been augmented with a small measure of computing capabilities. Lately, the IoT has been affected by a variety of different botnet activities. As botnets have been the cause of serious security risks and financial damage over the years, existing Network forensic techniques cannot identify and track current sophisticated methods of botnets. This is because commercial tools mainly depend on signature-based approaches that cannot discover new forms of botnet. In literature, several studies have conducted the use of Mac"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.02825","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BpDq1ZoHgPDPdcpzQikHW4sGQEVAexVwwrz//vYRSy42EUGN49AGGLPcGB5DDAgU9GYfhcRZmTyJ1I6XSsqdDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T23:59:09.954059Z"},"content_sha256":"2e4b1d6e13e830905ae06cd10222dde410435890ef7137fb002262e067bcf91c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2e4b1d6e13e830905ae06cd10222dde410435890ef7137fb002262e067bcf91c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6NRRPBCNEIX6N54F7WE4QZQQVD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6NRRPBCNEIX6N54F7WE4QZQQVD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6NRRPBCNEIX6N54F7WE4QZQQVD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-07T23:59:09Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6NRRPBCNEIX6N54F7WE4QZQQVD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6NRRPBCNEIX6N54F7WE4QZQQVD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6NRRPBCNEIX6N54F7WE4QZQQVD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6NRRPBCNEIX6N54F7WE4QZQQVD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:6NRRPBCNEIX6N54F7WE4QZQQVD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"146a9b8cf955517daa5d092bad866e07f6557c316af894017d3db531f5156ba6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2017-11-08T04:35:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"2cbcbb0aa3e2327a946808936c583cbc6b3892d81f2126ed9e0c37f52438dde7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1711.02825","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1711.02825","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1711.02825v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1711.02825","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6NRRPBCNEIX6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6NRRPBCNEIX6N54F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6NRRPBCN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2e4b1d6e13e830905ae06cd10222dde410435890ef7137fb002262e067bcf91c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The IoT is a network of interconnected everyday objects called things that have been augmented with a small measure of computing capabilities. Lately, the IoT has been affected by a variety of different botnet activities. As botnets have been the cause of serious security risks and financial damage over the years, existing Network forensic techniques cannot identify and track current sophisticated methods of botnets. This is because commercial tools mainly depend on signature-based approaches that cannot discover new forms of botnet. In literature, several studies have conducted the use of Mac","authors_text":"Elena Sitnikova, Jill Slay, Nickolaos Koroniotis, Nour Moustafa","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2017-11-08T04:35:24Z","title":"Towards Developing Network forensic mechanism for Botnet Activities in the IoT based on Machine Learning Techniques"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.02825","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b29bf56f40735763dd28044c98eace4a826c26ee8abf13a6e8a9e98c96f12bde","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"146a9b8cf955517daa5d092bad866e07f6557c316af894017d3db531f5156ba6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2017-11-08T04:35:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"2cbcbb0aa3e2327a946808936c583cbc6b3892d81f2126ed9e0c37f52438dde7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1711.02825","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f36317844d222fe6f785fd89c86610a8c2c5487976895974ff2036d9a90e198f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f36317844d222fe6f785fd89c86610a8c2c5487976895974ff2036d9a90e198f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:44.285969Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:44.285969Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"WqTZIMVhTcty8rI7Zq4belzLIxlQAFJbvp8Gt7CPTdJZrepuxyXDluGeGVtC0zCJEFnIv0k75gjEWD25JNDzAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:20:44.286610Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1711.02825","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b29bf56f40735763dd28044c98eace4a826c26ee8abf13a6e8a9e98c96f12bde","sha256:2e4b1d6e13e830905ae06cd10222dde410435890ef7137fb002262e067bcf91c"],"state_sha256":"66fbaa14fe6f8958aac902076c3963dd9ed5d6f447989a98c333db283b88d601"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5dokLE2MOvV1O82oveOF40ffdetlJpVU6S4WrCfDc7omRvcUovvSkNHSiJjB8pS0NYhimOZBI0Pt0Yn/MF4dAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T23:59:09.958595Z","bundle_sha256":"3418df3666279a9cfa5bf43541fab77dbb26b16fc2ac1323e27cdba3dbe00f60"}}