{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:6NU4J44LAZOFRNJKB5QVAWRZGE","short_pith_number":"pith:6NU4J44L","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.17947","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-25T08:08:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.PF"],"title_canon_sha256":"3349c5d56f886c3b40fd316bf7dbf7d22e136a5384926b95de4d43312b1e4193","abstract_canon_sha256":"e9e6ce645d70412fa7b0f0f244741347753fc2b42d2c15a4c20ef6c2cfe71843"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f369c4f38b065c58b52a0f61505a393122d11a0f4a49c457baa37aad37d61a98","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2502.17947","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.17947","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.17947v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.17947","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6NU4J44LAZOF","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6NU4J44LAZOFRNJK","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6NU4J44L","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:6NU4J44LAZOFRNJKB5QVAWRZGE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.17947","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-25T08:08:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.PF"],"title_canon_sha256":"3349c5d56f886c3b40fd316bf7dbf7d22e136a5384926b95de4d43312b1e4193","abstract_canon_sha256":"e9e6ce645d70412fa7b0f0f244741347753fc2b42d2c15a4c20ef6c2cfe71843"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f369c4f38b065c58b52a0f61505a393122d11a0f4a49c457baa37aad37d61a98","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46.662100Z","signature_b64":"N6cTHE10YNtQrlpjOty+PWnE2bvkSo881z3Y0GTyA3HLXMIrkaweFhfhzEWPFlOZblvUPasiGjQDMrJimVjiCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f369c4f38b065c58b52a0f61505a393122d11a0f4a49c457baa37aad37d61a98","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46.661646Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46.661646Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2502.17947","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"a+Y3Nb3q7Q80C8kVHe7DKsipzlvbL3m6cR7FL0wChsaBm8HyDcr4In/u9unlet+RffxJ8yhB0irl+d13N1TxBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T14:05:19.086392Z"},"content_sha256":"2bf696295f3c604c530cdd07c53a6ce04dea9aad03da28e0026b83da83cbefff","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2bf696295f3c604c530cdd07c53a6ce04dea9aad03da28e0026b83da83cbefff"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:6NU4J44LAZOFRNJKB5QVAWRZGE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"DeepSeek-R1 Outperforms Gemini 2.0 Pro, OpenAI o1, and o3-mini in Bilingual Complex Ophthalmology Reasoning","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.PF"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Danli Shi, Kai Jin, Mingguang He, Pusheng Xu, Xiaolan Chen, Yue Wu","submitted_at":"2025-02-25T08:08:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy and reasoning ability of DeepSeek-R1 and three other recently released large language models (LLMs) in bilingual complex ophthalmology cases. Methods: A total of 130 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) related to diagnosis (n = 39) and management (n = 91) were collected from the Chinese ophthalmology senior professional title examination and categorized into six topics. These MCQs were translated into English using DeepSeek-R1. The responses of DeepSeek-R1, Gemini 2.0 Pro, OpenAI o1 and o3-mini were generated under default configurations between February 15 and F"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.17947","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2502.17947/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vcqgJwflRry0REpwzGrHg45rysRft7zMrjcgDtc8QRkcQFgM45iri5vQINDtXGuf60hrEChHzSYGnYRCt90FCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T14:05:19.086908Z"},"content_sha256":"13a5096c2bc0058973597e59dc61413f86420c62ed3bdfbf40c0407b5c85f48b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:13a5096c2bc0058973597e59dc61413f86420c62ed3bdfbf40c0407b5c85f48b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6NU4J44LAZOFRNJKB5QVAWRZGE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6NU4J44LAZOFRNJKB5QVAWRZGE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6NU4J44LAZOFRNJKB5QVAWRZGE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-12T14:05:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6NU4J44LAZOFRNJKB5QVAWRZGE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6NU4J44LAZOFRNJKB5QVAWRZGE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6NU4J44LAZOFRNJKB5QVAWRZGE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6NU4J44LAZOFRNJKB5QVAWRZGE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:6NU4J44LAZOFRNJKB5QVAWRZGE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e9e6ce645d70412fa7b0f0f244741347753fc2b42d2c15a4c20ef6c2cfe71843","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.PF"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-25T08:08:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"3349c5d56f886c3b40fd316bf7dbf7d22e136a5384926b95de4d43312b1e4193"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.17947","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.17947","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.17947v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.17947","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6NU4J44LAZOF","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6NU4J44LAZOFRNJK","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6NU4J44L","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:13a5096c2bc0058973597e59dc61413f86420c62ed3bdfbf40c0407b5c85f48b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2502.17947/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy and reasoning ability of DeepSeek-R1 and three other recently released large language models (LLMs) in bilingual complex ophthalmology cases. Methods: A total of 130 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) related to diagnosis (n = 39) and management (n = 91) were collected from the Chinese ophthalmology senior professional title examination and categorized into six topics. These MCQs were translated into English using DeepSeek-R1. The responses of DeepSeek-R1, Gemini 2.0 Pro, OpenAI o1 and o3-mini were generated under default configurations between February 15 and F","authors_text":"Danli Shi, Kai Jin, Mingguang He, Pusheng Xu, Xiaolan Chen, Yue Wu","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.PF"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-25T08:08:53Z","title":"DeepSeek-R1 Outperforms Gemini 2.0 Pro, OpenAI o1, and o3-mini in Bilingual Complex Ophthalmology Reasoning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.17947","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2bf696295f3c604c530cdd07c53a6ce04dea9aad03da28e0026b83da83cbefff","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e9e6ce645d70412fa7b0f0f244741347753fc2b42d2c15a4c20ef6c2cfe71843","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.PF"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-02-25T08:08:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"3349c5d56f886c3b40fd316bf7dbf7d22e136a5384926b95de4d43312b1e4193"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.17947","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f369c4f38b065c58b52a0f61505a393122d11a0f4a49c457baa37aad37d61a98","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f369c4f38b065c58b52a0f61505a393122d11a0f4a49c457baa37aad37d61a98","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46.661646Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46.661646Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"N6cTHE10YNtQrlpjOty+PWnE2bvkSo881z3Y0GTyA3HLXMIrkaweFhfhzEWPFlOZblvUPasiGjQDMrJimVjiCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:19:46.662100Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2502.17947","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2bf696295f3c604c530cdd07c53a6ce04dea9aad03da28e0026b83da83cbefff","sha256:13a5096c2bc0058973597e59dc61413f86420c62ed3bdfbf40c0407b5c85f48b"],"state_sha256":"d57323941b568e9842fdf668ca71182d94404503f2b987babc65fa1a55f79e82"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zpXfzya6FcKaG6H5EHWGZSVXP/Sk0diyndxe7kj6bT0K1MLeQHnClB97IfT2PAwVVO13DUwv8XEpBLjmiZZyDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T14:05:19.092237Z","bundle_sha256":"0238e3ff6f7878fd179a852e5481825ba0bec8dbcfad1eb03ba37cbe18678ccc"}}