{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:6OW4MWE3O57BR4STCYMUNESTDZ","short_pith_number":"pith:6OW4MWE3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2004.01469","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2020-04-03T11:07:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"13c1c98055b17822032cc926fb0e310271a66a9972000a1ad6e07232f06e7c25","abstract_canon_sha256":"7d674e8ea16f39883725e9a70634ebac99100f699932d4017aadece603b53059"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f3adc6589b777e18f25316194692531e44a257ae537463b1ba3a0e9cc229b507","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2004.01469","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2004.01469","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2004.01469v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2004.01469","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6OW4MWE3O57B","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6OW4MWE3O57BR4ST","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6OW4MWE3","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:6OW4MWE3O57BR4STCYMUNESTDZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2004.01469","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2020-04-03T11:07:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"13c1c98055b17822032cc926fb0e310271a66a9972000a1ad6e07232f06e7c25","abstract_canon_sha256":"7d674e8ea16f39883725e9a70634ebac99100f699932d4017aadece603b53059"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f3adc6589b777e18f25316194692531e44a257ae537463b1ba3a0e9cc229b507","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20.060710Z","signature_b64":"hzhNYuDzHCLJKZqgJekadTOgssITJ/HVH5o+2f1gsW0KFGpbtrgwGZlgYhk7QW8qJt0GMnJF8mOtqyNDGvaiBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f3adc6589b777e18f25316194692531e44a257ae537463b1ba3a0e9cc229b507","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20.060237Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20.060237Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2004.01469","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2DEfajclLQQXSLg4WvjdKD2hMDRqssR3+Nlcu+HxKJ2qCHPyj7CHhIuLTF3q8gpXiroJxy1P/n8kwRi+oXQcCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T08:59:20.212794Z"},"content_sha256":"830beb3ccf6cc2f718dbc8ec6c0a11b8e955da8a4fbbb00b01d6ce2ecdd79ac8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:830beb3ccf6cc2f718dbc8ec6c0a11b8e955da8a4fbbb00b01d6ce2ecdd79ac8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:6OW4MWE3O57BR4STCYMUNESTDZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Universal Lindblad equation for open quantum systems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["quant-ph"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"Frederik Nathan, Mark S. Rudner","submitted_at":"2020-04-03T11:07:40Z","abstract_excerpt":"We develop a Markovian master equation in the Lindblad form that enables the efficient study of a wide range of open quantum many-body systems that would be inaccessible with existing methods. The validity of the master equation is based entirely on properties of the bath and the system-bath coupling, without any requirements on the level structure within the system itself. The master equation is derived using a Markov approximation that is distinct from that used in earlier approaches. We provide a rigorous bound for the error induced by this Markov approximation; the error is controlled by a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2004.01469","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2004.01469/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6gAd+4IsdYnhIr14oVK0v/bs/9LLE8SCGgplUO38Nd8BP8Vrkli1Lx8e+cfIemHdQmJORa7GK/krk7jq1mCjAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T08:59:20.213159Z"},"content_sha256":"62bb3116b700a7b1896ac90af5f07127ccf08f68531a445b17daa8484d4c0503","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:62bb3116b700a7b1896ac90af5f07127ccf08f68531a445b17daa8484d4c0503"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6OW4MWE3O57BR4STCYMUNESTDZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6OW4MWE3O57BR4STCYMUNESTDZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6OW4MWE3O57BR4STCYMUNESTDZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T08:59:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6OW4MWE3O57BR4STCYMUNESTDZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6OW4MWE3O57BR4STCYMUNESTDZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6OW4MWE3O57BR4STCYMUNESTDZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6OW4MWE3O57BR4STCYMUNESTDZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:6OW4MWE3O57BR4STCYMUNESTDZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7d674e8ea16f39883725e9a70634ebac99100f699932d4017aadece603b53059","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2020-04-03T11:07:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"13c1c98055b17822032cc926fb0e310271a66a9972000a1ad6e07232f06e7c25"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2004.01469","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2004.01469","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2004.01469v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2004.01469","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6OW4MWE3O57B","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6OW4MWE3O57BR4ST","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6OW4MWE3","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:62bb3116b700a7b1896ac90af5f07127ccf08f68531a445b17daa8484d4c0503","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2004.01469/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We develop a Markovian master equation in the Lindblad form that enables the efficient study of a wide range of open quantum many-body systems that would be inaccessible with existing methods. The validity of the master equation is based entirely on properties of the bath and the system-bath coupling, without any requirements on the level structure within the system itself. The master equation is derived using a Markov approximation that is distinct from that used in earlier approaches. We provide a rigorous bound for the error induced by this Markov approximation; the error is controlled by a","authors_text":"Frederik Nathan, Mark S. Rudner","cross_cats":["quant-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2020-04-03T11:07:40Z","title":"Universal Lindblad equation for open quantum systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2004.01469","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:830beb3ccf6cc2f718dbc8ec6c0a11b8e955da8a4fbbb00b01d6ce2ecdd79ac8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7d674e8ea16f39883725e9a70634ebac99100f699932d4017aadece603b53059","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2020-04-03T11:07:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"13c1c98055b17822032cc926fb0e310271a66a9972000a1ad6e07232f06e7c25"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2004.01469","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f3adc6589b777e18f25316194692531e44a257ae537463b1ba3a0e9cc229b507","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f3adc6589b777e18f25316194692531e44a257ae537463b1ba3a0e9cc229b507","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20.060237Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20.060237Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"hzhNYuDzHCLJKZqgJekadTOgssITJ/HVH5o+2f1gsW0KFGpbtrgwGZlgYhk7QW8qJt0GMnJF8mOtqyNDGvaiBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:33:20.060710Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2004.01469","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:830beb3ccf6cc2f718dbc8ec6c0a11b8e955da8a4fbbb00b01d6ce2ecdd79ac8","sha256:62bb3116b700a7b1896ac90af5f07127ccf08f68531a445b17daa8484d4c0503"],"state_sha256":"7056f40b576964f201b950139ff206dafd98ba87eb3d8bb682c6d8a46fcc6a40"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"un6bWRuUhuy5/FgptA7JJ8VU+MVCSKEPbBjmgfpSNJec9RX4EJkQtnyO8wP5ocyCmsufYCX4PzOzJ4V6W8gJCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T08:59:20.215090Z","bundle_sha256":"f63bdc3741f52a270cdf5235466939f269a99278d460fe749bdf0e20f2687e04"}}