{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:6PZZ3TN7HDJDMCTZUUFLHM22YM","short_pith_number":"pith:6PZZ3TN7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.12026","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-03-28T15:00:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"e7fe5c08cbd7b77290cb6d4b2eea270112a4b25aebac31ff4f3c8374176c9533","abstract_canon_sha256":"c8262860597e78d9551cd4ef325a5929409a339957b2570f1ab3b8203ab7d2fe"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f3f39dcdbf38d2360a79a50ab3b35ac305239c0310cf12461f16cc0fa45e9286","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1903.12026","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.12026","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.12026v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.12026","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6PZZ3TN7HDJD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6PZZ3TN7HDJDMCTZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6PZZ3TN7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:6PZZ3TN7HDJDMCTZUUFLHM22YM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.12026","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-03-28T15:00:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"e7fe5c08cbd7b77290cb6d4b2eea270112a4b25aebac31ff4f3c8374176c9533","abstract_canon_sha256":"c8262860597e78d9551cd4ef325a5929409a339957b2570f1ab3b8203ab7d2fe"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f3f39dcdbf38d2360a79a50ab3b35ac305239c0310cf12461f16cc0fa45e9286","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:59.828962Z","signature_b64":"jc0zBINe6B5zQajRdXr4XfogQbaQ+IHYF7X6C4Efa55GA5t+Up2gNEfaYD44Pj4MbhL4+uRwNYnk5YxUSKNJAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f3f39dcdbf38d2360a79a50ab3b35ac305239c0310cf12461f16cc0fa45e9286","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:59.828484Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:59.828484Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1903.12026","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"h9FR4ujP4URp9XaGAX632uaR+n003gaMwT2tFrQd5t1IOmPbJLsnLmm3iXshSy7q+9QFxKCNt79zZV/WsYmRDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T08:17:34.968653Z"},"content_sha256":"d511bc4ee958dcea0c3dc5ea09db11e3e7129cbce383a890c9fe8e67f7a73ef3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d511bc4ee958dcea0c3dc5ea09db11e3e7129cbce383a890c9fe8e67f7a73ef3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:6PZZ3TN7HDJDMCTZUUFLHM22YM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A new approach to finding galaxy groups using Markov Clustering","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"C. M. Baugh (Durham University), L. Stothert, P. Norberg","submitted_at":"2019-03-28T15:00:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present a proof of concept of a new galaxy group finder method, Markov graph Clustering (MCL; Van Dongen 2000) that naturally handles probabilistic linking criteria. We introduce a new figure of merit, the variation of information statistic (VI; Meila 2003), used to optimise the free parameter(s) of the MCL algorithm. We explain that the common Friends-of-Friends (FoF) method is a subset of MCL. We test MCL in real space on a realistic mock galaxy catalogue constructed from a N-body simulation using the GALFORM model. With a fixed linking length FoF produces the best group catalogues as qua"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.12026","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"y4GAG2VitlQSE9vjWvgr7rUHId5+oOg4XKIzeA0EiKwAaT8M56kxkfWL3NaD5VQ4/UI7KILMZUFaI1PFGep1Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T08:17:34.969289Z"},"content_sha256":"ce7de901964fb919676fd98962feee3e152bbef492f3f9784ab69599555cb2b5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ce7de901964fb919676fd98962feee3e152bbef492f3f9784ab69599555cb2b5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6PZZ3TN7HDJDMCTZUUFLHM22YM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6PZZ3TN7HDJDMCTZUUFLHM22YM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6PZZ3TN7HDJDMCTZUUFLHM22YM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T08:17:34Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6PZZ3TN7HDJDMCTZUUFLHM22YM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6PZZ3TN7HDJDMCTZUUFLHM22YM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6PZZ3TN7HDJDMCTZUUFLHM22YM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6PZZ3TN7HDJDMCTZUUFLHM22YM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:6PZZ3TN7HDJDMCTZUUFLHM22YM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c8262860597e78d9551cd4ef325a5929409a339957b2570f1ab3b8203ab7d2fe","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-03-28T15:00:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"e7fe5c08cbd7b77290cb6d4b2eea270112a4b25aebac31ff4f3c8374176c9533"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.12026","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.12026","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.12026v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.12026","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6PZZ3TN7HDJD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6PZZ3TN7HDJDMCTZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6PZZ3TN7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ce7de901964fb919676fd98962feee3e152bbef492f3f9784ab69599555cb2b5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present a proof of concept of a new galaxy group finder method, Markov graph Clustering (MCL; Van Dongen 2000) that naturally handles probabilistic linking criteria. We introduce a new figure of merit, the variation of information statistic (VI; Meila 2003), used to optimise the free parameter(s) of the MCL algorithm. We explain that the common Friends-of-Friends (FoF) method is a subset of MCL. We test MCL in real space on a realistic mock galaxy catalogue constructed from a N-body simulation using the GALFORM model. With a fixed linking length FoF produces the best group catalogues as qua","authors_text":"C. M. Baugh (Durham University), L. Stothert, P. Norberg","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-03-28T15:00:42Z","title":"A new approach to finding galaxy groups using Markov Clustering"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.12026","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d511bc4ee958dcea0c3dc5ea09db11e3e7129cbce383a890c9fe8e67f7a73ef3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c8262860597e78d9551cd4ef325a5929409a339957b2570f1ab3b8203ab7d2fe","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2019-03-28T15:00:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"e7fe5c08cbd7b77290cb6d4b2eea270112a4b25aebac31ff4f3c8374176c9533"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.12026","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f3f39dcdbf38d2360a79a50ab3b35ac305239c0310cf12461f16cc0fa45e9286","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f3f39dcdbf38d2360a79a50ab3b35ac305239c0310cf12461f16cc0fa45e9286","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:59.828484Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:59.828484Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"jc0zBINe6B5zQajRdXr4XfogQbaQ+IHYF7X6C4Efa55GA5t+Up2gNEfaYD44Pj4MbhL4+uRwNYnk5YxUSKNJAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:48:59.828962Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1903.12026","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d511bc4ee958dcea0c3dc5ea09db11e3e7129cbce383a890c9fe8e67f7a73ef3","sha256:ce7de901964fb919676fd98962feee3e152bbef492f3f9784ab69599555cb2b5"],"state_sha256":"074560ddf2ea64aeb28fe9870a691363cfc51fd3a653dd068efc2d9482df442d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xUjZR4NFd9JakEdegydu5JZx1CoejsN/Ku55Ws6kjRTL18EwQhFH+WBAQc2B20RnDSBYiLw5/lNLmCF7uJUnAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T08:17:34.972288Z","bundle_sha256":"776b7eec28622984ed6865992e0af05f990c7bb046859390433cc6104c7fa76f"}}