{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:6RLX7H6YAMBHV4OBXVTCPITDIS","short_pith_number":"pith:6RLX7H6Y","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9812061","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-12-02T22:53:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fef09821a8c542dc978e6cb58bc6484041be971724de0dcccf73771924edf148","abstract_canon_sha256":"ccd85dfe4e36d359b6391a3d154040a8a39d56b39ec3119bb1f62fceca7b654a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f4577f9fd803027af1c1bd6627a26344a7cee3095e05f508ed6b955e10d16f5d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/9812061","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9812061","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9812061v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9812061","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6RLX7H6YAMBH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6RLX7H6YAMBHV4OB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6RLX7H6Y","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:6RLX7H6YAMBHV4OBXVTCPITDIS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9812061","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-12-02T22:53:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fef09821a8c542dc978e6cb58bc6484041be971724de0dcccf73771924edf148","abstract_canon_sha256":"ccd85dfe4e36d359b6391a3d154040a8a39d56b39ec3119bb1f62fceca7b654a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f4577f9fd803027af1c1bd6627a26344a7cee3095e05f508ed6b955e10d16f5d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36.782222Z","signature_b64":"7LwjUbFMkV90Z6DISmGzUDyGDWp7e0ZpmSRxTJAMpYJHAXTLZ+ChlbOp3CHF4rSD9dc7oD6ouD4jTmQ+gnFIAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f4577f9fd803027af1c1bd6627a26344a7cee3095e05f508ed6b955e10d16f5d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36.781613Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36.781613Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/9812061","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qfaI1TJCRZz10wk03/eil+AhIYdCGB6gn1U6CG2qnQgC2gEoFupu1BsHUNA8H6jJ8X0l+OZYaXZaiqwYwi5jAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T21:20:47.569394Z"},"content_sha256":"cc313208e48fd3166c282b95f0db60e06a8ce4b8a1389e053e7699d7f7820bb7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cc313208e48fd3166c282b95f0db60e06a8ce4b8a1389e053e7699d7f7820bb7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:6RLX7H6YAMBHV4OBXVTCPITDIS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Brown Dwarfs: From Mythical to Ubiquitous","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"James Liebert (Steward Observatory, Space Telescope Science Institute), Univ. of Arizona","submitted_at":"1998-12-02T22:53:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"Astrophysical objects below the stellar mass limit but well above the mass of Jupiter eluded discovery for nearly three decades after Kumar first proposed their existence, and for two decades after Tarter proposed the name \"brown dwarfs.\" The first unambiguous discoveries of planetary (51 Peg B) and brown dwarf (Gliese 229B) companions occurred about three years ago. Yet while extrasolar planets are now being discovered at a breathtaking rate, brown dwarf companions to ordinary stars are apparently rare; likewise imaging surveys show that GL229B is still unique as a distant companion to a low "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9812061","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y4tI0w3UH1H8TzzBS9QaRAfu9xB+sf7i/OS+LOo2mHGl4UQbwmg9CtRGad5lWg1/gW3V63LIOmd2O1DKsbmkCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T21:20:47.569748Z"},"content_sha256":"12d000120ef57f738e8edcbc792f62a5ed09aae73be2c3e6d098f8bec2d0868f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:12d000120ef57f738e8edcbc792f62a5ed09aae73be2c3e6d098f8bec2d0868f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6RLX7H6YAMBHV4OBXVTCPITDIS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6RLX7H6YAMBHV4OBXVTCPITDIS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6RLX7H6YAMBHV4OBXVTCPITDIS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T21:20:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6RLX7H6YAMBHV4OBXVTCPITDIS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6RLX7H6YAMBHV4OBXVTCPITDIS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6RLX7H6YAMBHV4OBXVTCPITDIS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6RLX7H6YAMBHV4OBXVTCPITDIS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:6RLX7H6YAMBHV4OBXVTCPITDIS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ccd85dfe4e36d359b6391a3d154040a8a39d56b39ec3119bb1f62fceca7b654a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-12-02T22:53:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"fef09821a8c542dc978e6cb58bc6484041be971724de0dcccf73771924edf148"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9812061","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9812061","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9812061v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9812061","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6RLX7H6YAMBH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6RLX7H6YAMBHV4OB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6RLX7H6Y","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:12d000120ef57f738e8edcbc792f62a5ed09aae73be2c3e6d098f8bec2d0868f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Astrophysical objects below the stellar mass limit but well above the mass of Jupiter eluded discovery for nearly three decades after Kumar first proposed their existence, and for two decades after Tarter proposed the name \"brown dwarfs.\" The first unambiguous discoveries of planetary (51 Peg B) and brown dwarf (Gliese 229B) companions occurred about three years ago. Yet while extrasolar planets are now being discovered at a breathtaking rate, brown dwarf companions to ordinary stars are apparently rare; likewise imaging surveys show that GL229B is still unique as a distant companion to a low ","authors_text":"James Liebert (Steward Observatory, Space Telescope Science Institute), Univ. of Arizona","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-12-02T22:53:27Z","title":"Brown Dwarfs: From Mythical to Ubiquitous"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9812061","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cc313208e48fd3166c282b95f0db60e06a8ce4b8a1389e053e7699d7f7820bb7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ccd85dfe4e36d359b6391a3d154040a8a39d56b39ec3119bb1f62fceca7b654a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-12-02T22:53:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"fef09821a8c542dc978e6cb58bc6484041be971724de0dcccf73771924edf148"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9812061","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f4577f9fd803027af1c1bd6627a26344a7cee3095e05f508ed6b955e10d16f5d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f4577f9fd803027af1c1bd6627a26344a7cee3095e05f508ed6b955e10d16f5d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36.781613Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36.781613Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"7LwjUbFMkV90Z6DISmGzUDyGDWp7e0ZpmSRxTJAMpYJHAXTLZ+ChlbOp3CHF4rSD9dc7oD6ouD4jTmQ+gnFIAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36.782222Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/9812061","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cc313208e48fd3166c282b95f0db60e06a8ce4b8a1389e053e7699d7f7820bb7","sha256:12d000120ef57f738e8edcbc792f62a5ed09aae73be2c3e6d098f8bec2d0868f"],"state_sha256":"6b17aa5eed9005ca0bf53fa9ca786193b271f39e5ef6b15129d21347e8e94b75"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wEmozD6SxNdXgMNjUfDjVdtYyZInfqbS1FJr839Z9TwcT13SpWT98U0e17varmOBUepwX7+VL8owP/VfAEW5Bg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T21:20:47.571738Z","bundle_sha256":"84cd67aa0381f5d07d9142bf2487be7659959e55e74aed8b2f098d51cd8e9465"}}