{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:6S55V7KTJJGYHDFG2KYEWFFTE4","short_pith_number":"pith:6S55V7KT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2302.11686","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2023-02-22T22:48:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"76c8abecc90148ec4e894b8fbcc2d1de5d5979a2c89a66ac9a4c2f74a0ae27fe","abstract_canon_sha256":"4b0038fc4bbbba9f3d79def12285216b81ba16f4be12bac1dc3ecb69e3f05e7a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f4bbdafd534a4d838ca6d2b04b14b32725f28b893c766a1c52e05f2f0761e121","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2302.11686","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2302.11686","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2302.11686v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2302.11686","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6S55V7KTJJGY","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6S55V7KTJJGYHDFG","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6S55V7KT","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:6S55V7KTJJGYHDFG2KYEWFFTE4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2302.11686","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2023-02-22T22:48:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"76c8abecc90148ec4e894b8fbcc2d1de5d5979a2c89a66ac9a4c2f74a0ae27fe","abstract_canon_sha256":"4b0038fc4bbbba9f3d79def12285216b81ba16f4be12bac1dc3ecb69e3f05e7a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f4bbdafd534a4d838ca6d2b04b14b32725f28b893c766a1c52e05f2f0761e121","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00.324713Z","signature_b64":"sxpFP7wbWTMmNunUYB4n0S8Q/lqFjL2X+odR6cMq7ThXIzd+Tw/BaWq1fSMKK5phuZ0V5KgCV7S//Fn6XC90AQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f4bbdafd534a4d838ca6d2b04b14b32725f28b893c766a1c52e05f2f0761e121","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00.324253Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00.324253Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2302.11686","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"H7iUowOABBecGzC3mrtVNWN8jfG9Gt9eKShF+KSH0i3EmX+dDX4bYBG3LR3fCOkELKia6nsFhRIwF1fTaTw5Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-18T20:36:00.136873Z"},"content_sha256":"d79c81ff2510e3bfe7c4bb5287b07adabbc081f1dcfeb1c5f86b65c2c4fc6681","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d79c81ff2510e3bfe7c4bb5287b07adabbc081f1dcfeb1c5f86b65c2c4fc6681"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:6S55V7KTJJGYHDFG2KYEWFFTE4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"What Makes a Code Review Useful to OpenDev Developers? An Empirical Investigation","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Amiangshu Bosu, Asif Kamal Turzo","submitted_at":"2023-02-22T22:48:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"Context: Due to the association of significant efforts, even a minor improvement in the effectiveness of Code Reviews(CR) can incur significant savings for a software development organization. Aim: This study aims to develop a finer grain understanding of what makes a code review comment useful to OSS developers, to what extent a code review comment is considered useful to them, and how various contextual and participant-related factors influence its usefulness level. Method: On this goal, we have conducted a three-stage mixed-method study. We randomly selected 2,500 CR comments from the OpenD"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2302.11686","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2302.11686/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fYCmLHvbBVx8Jzs2wzXhjHD5tQaCjZ9fS0fpOBFksvbZReN9pUqqhhkzFukp0pf20+SSkKnoswzYe6oPPn51Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-18T20:36:00.137257Z"},"content_sha256":"a6285e024c1ffc2f7a3a760a91e5b4d5f7e1bcec7226105c832333c363349de9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a6285e024c1ffc2f7a3a760a91e5b4d5f7e1bcec7226105c832333c363349de9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6S55V7KTJJGYHDFG2KYEWFFTE4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6S55V7KTJJGYHDFG2KYEWFFTE4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6S55V7KTJJGYHDFG2KYEWFFTE4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-18T20:36:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6S55V7KTJJGYHDFG2KYEWFFTE4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6S55V7KTJJGYHDFG2KYEWFFTE4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6S55V7KTJJGYHDFG2KYEWFFTE4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6S55V7KTJJGYHDFG2KYEWFFTE4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:6S55V7KTJJGYHDFG2KYEWFFTE4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4b0038fc4bbbba9f3d79def12285216b81ba16f4be12bac1dc3ecb69e3f05e7a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2023-02-22T22:48:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"76c8abecc90148ec4e894b8fbcc2d1de5d5979a2c89a66ac9a4c2f74a0ae27fe"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2302.11686","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2302.11686","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2302.11686v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2302.11686","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6S55V7KTJJGY","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6S55V7KTJJGYHDFG","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6S55V7KT","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a6285e024c1ffc2f7a3a760a91e5b4d5f7e1bcec7226105c832333c363349de9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2302.11686/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Context: Due to the association of significant efforts, even a minor improvement in the effectiveness of Code Reviews(CR) can incur significant savings for a software development organization. Aim: This study aims to develop a finer grain understanding of what makes a code review comment useful to OSS developers, to what extent a code review comment is considered useful to them, and how various contextual and participant-related factors influence its usefulness level. Method: On this goal, we have conducted a three-stage mixed-method study. We randomly selected 2,500 CR comments from the OpenD","authors_text":"Amiangshu Bosu, Asif Kamal Turzo","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2023-02-22T22:48:27Z","title":"What Makes a Code Review Useful to OpenDev Developers? An Empirical Investigation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2302.11686","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d79c81ff2510e3bfe7c4bb5287b07adabbc081f1dcfeb1c5f86b65c2c4fc6681","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4b0038fc4bbbba9f3d79def12285216b81ba16f4be12bac1dc3ecb69e3f05e7a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2023-02-22T22:48:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"76c8abecc90148ec4e894b8fbcc2d1de5d5979a2c89a66ac9a4c2f74a0ae27fe"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2302.11686","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f4bbdafd534a4d838ca6d2b04b14b32725f28b893c766a1c52e05f2f0761e121","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f4bbdafd534a4d838ca6d2b04b14b32725f28b893c766a1c52e05f2f0761e121","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00.324253Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00.324253Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"sxpFP7wbWTMmNunUYB4n0S8Q/lqFjL2X+odR6cMq7ThXIzd+Tw/BaWq1fSMKK5phuZ0V5KgCV7S//Fn6XC90AQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:22:00.324713Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2302.11686","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d79c81ff2510e3bfe7c4bb5287b07adabbc081f1dcfeb1c5f86b65c2c4fc6681","sha256:a6285e024c1ffc2f7a3a760a91e5b4d5f7e1bcec7226105c832333c363349de9"],"state_sha256":"45548d6f94ac3bd91a1e34f8fdab8921732ad2a2a5bd720d95e44cadb7d39806"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Vtznc7E8YEUOO3bQNVCO38l+t9Q51VQd85d47S1BozTFQdB1JmZEBlEhHpxwCoAaCLKf8SyS6nzNwPBHkMl2Cw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-18T20:36:00.140202Z","bundle_sha256":"59f00a94115e0b7145cf751a64c954e474537ea76fc917d5c84d36a63db0e900"}}