{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:6S6NG4BTQHYLXZXBANJKHJRZ5V","short_pith_number":"pith:6S6NG4BT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.04823","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2015-03-16T20:01:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ex","nucl-ex","nucl-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"5899107063b670c4dc134930f381b7b4b70ad8e80c74b2676cf5cbfc0d059512","abstract_canon_sha256":"e2250064bfa26aab19fb663409353468108d4cb1be7449410bce29eff59f67b4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f4bcd3703381f0bbe6e10352a3a639ed73bfd166a44c0dbfd218819b1708dad8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1503.04823","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.04823","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.04823v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.04823","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6S6NG4BTQHYL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6S6NG4BTQHYLXZXB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6S6NG4BT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:6S6NG4BTQHYLXZXBANJKHJRZ5V","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.04823","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2015-03-16T20:01:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ex","nucl-ex","nucl-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"5899107063b670c4dc134930f381b7b4b70ad8e80c74b2676cf5cbfc0d059512","abstract_canon_sha256":"e2250064bfa26aab19fb663409353468108d4cb1be7449410bce29eff59f67b4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f4bcd3703381f0bbe6e10352a3a639ed73bfd166a44c0dbfd218819b1708dad8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:33.050566Z","signature_b64":"9XnlIbIHVjKJS35UyHJ2W6GZ6vi7mHMYp9ZIyDv7/NkVFgOU97/7siTRJOsSjCmTsEQLR8lPYMDc9qGtz4MGCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f4bcd3703381f0bbe6e10352a3a639ed73bfd166a44c0dbfd218819b1708dad8","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:33.049892Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:33.049892Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1503.04823","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+tNmRnavEjGeJNpRuVELmeh/+uaeKORdKUVcYxo8DsecaSMSASJqaqVovTepX+aOA/XjwruZAqVp+UeinkzCCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T01:39:47.517202Z"},"content_sha256":"233575dee49114a97b849db4f8b06f85ff448cef5bc625ffa969ad24bec51eef","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:233575dee49114a97b849db4f8b06f85ff448cef5bc625ffa969ad24bec51eef"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:6S6NG4BTQHYLXZXBANJKHJRZ5V","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Spallation Backgrounds in Super-Kamiokande Are Made in Muon-Induced Showers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ex","nucl-ex","nucl-th"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"John F. Beacom (Ohio State University), Shirley Weishi Li","submitted_at":"2015-03-16T20:01:12Z","abstract_excerpt":"Crucial questions about solar and supernova neutrinos remain unanswered. Super-Kamiokande has the exposure needed for progress, but detector backgrounds are a limiting factor. A leading component is the beta decays of isotopes produced by cosmic-ray muons and their secondaries, which initiate nuclear spallation reactions. Cuts of events after and surrounding muon tracks reduce this spallation decay background by $\\simeq 90\\%$ (at a cost of $\\simeq 20\\%$ deadtime), but its rate at 6--18 MeV is still dominant. A better way to cut this background was suggested in a Super-Kamiokande paper [Bays {\\"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.04823","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7du/9BFfgLpEt1Sur+yi9+SuZC4LkNdbel6r0HzUV2RzZt4U2hrbfsWJIvO/WgIOYmDS9IERQt9OOtUyDHnaCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T01:39:47.517609Z"},"content_sha256":"bf354ce9180979110c1bc4b5128c95453bbbfaed6a0e6e333cb0622166e90659","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bf354ce9180979110c1bc4b5128c95453bbbfaed6a0e6e333cb0622166e90659"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6S6NG4BTQHYLXZXBANJKHJRZ5V/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6S6NG4BTQHYLXZXBANJKHJRZ5V/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6S6NG4BTQHYLXZXBANJKHJRZ5V/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T01:39:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6S6NG4BTQHYLXZXBANJKHJRZ5V","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6S6NG4BTQHYLXZXBANJKHJRZ5V/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6S6NG4BTQHYLXZXBANJKHJRZ5V/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6S6NG4BTQHYLXZXBANJKHJRZ5V/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:6S6NG4BTQHYLXZXBANJKHJRZ5V","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e2250064bfa26aab19fb663409353468108d4cb1be7449410bce29eff59f67b4","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ex","nucl-ex","nucl-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2015-03-16T20:01:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"5899107063b670c4dc134930f381b7b4b70ad8e80c74b2676cf5cbfc0d059512"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.04823","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.04823","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.04823v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.04823","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6S6NG4BTQHYL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6S6NG4BTQHYLXZXB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6S6NG4BT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:bf354ce9180979110c1bc4b5128c95453bbbfaed6a0e6e333cb0622166e90659","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Crucial questions about solar and supernova neutrinos remain unanswered. Super-Kamiokande has the exposure needed for progress, but detector backgrounds are a limiting factor. A leading component is the beta decays of isotopes produced by cosmic-ray muons and their secondaries, which initiate nuclear spallation reactions. Cuts of events after and surrounding muon tracks reduce this spallation decay background by $\\simeq 90\\%$ (at a cost of $\\simeq 20\\%$ deadtime), but its rate at 6--18 MeV is still dominant. A better way to cut this background was suggested in a Super-Kamiokande paper [Bays {\\","authors_text":"John F. Beacom (Ohio State University), Shirley Weishi Li","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ex","nucl-ex","nucl-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2015-03-16T20:01:12Z","title":"Spallation Backgrounds in Super-Kamiokande Are Made in Muon-Induced Showers"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.04823","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:233575dee49114a97b849db4f8b06f85ff448cef5bc625ffa969ad24bec51eef","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e2250064bfa26aab19fb663409353468108d4cb1be7449410bce29eff59f67b4","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ex","nucl-ex","nucl-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2015-03-16T20:01:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"5899107063b670c4dc134930f381b7b4b70ad8e80c74b2676cf5cbfc0d059512"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.04823","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f4bcd3703381f0bbe6e10352a3a639ed73bfd166a44c0dbfd218819b1708dad8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f4bcd3703381f0bbe6e10352a3a639ed73bfd166a44c0dbfd218819b1708dad8","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:33.049892Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:33.049892Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9XnlIbIHVjKJS35UyHJ2W6GZ6vi7mHMYp9ZIyDv7/NkVFgOU97/7siTRJOsSjCmTsEQLR8lPYMDc9qGtz4MGCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:17:33.050566Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1503.04823","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:233575dee49114a97b849db4f8b06f85ff448cef5bc625ffa969ad24bec51eef","sha256:bf354ce9180979110c1bc4b5128c95453bbbfaed6a0e6e333cb0622166e90659"],"state_sha256":"5d80212a0cdbe50b465f9bed2716748a1b34229cac9ee66034fade3e22d6217e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9ID/LfgLVvxwGeRXlyeHzG37KeBJdrZYHfcBqq1ZDij2J8IHGSpeODC1FOiaO4quu7w7LGGpcQAG6ianngjpCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T01:39:47.522177Z","bundle_sha256":"bda120202707c7746793473bb2a6c7cf87977a6712836907fbced5d41810179d"}}