{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1994:6SQDZ5FEL377ENX5KJ2IE3C272","short_pith_number":"pith:6SQDZ5FE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"chao-dyn/9410005","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"chao-dyn","submitted_at":"1994-10-21T11:36:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.DS","nlin.CD","physics.flu-dyn"],"title_canon_sha256":"8776a0888c0f2019f780daf28c04236c07f396c2385bf1fce81efd1c6885e837","abstract_canon_sha256":"c9c8af370e852f53dc8fe86b4ef7046516ad5eb7c873779f41a229eec2a23153"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f4a03cf4a45efff236fd5274826c5afe8878c4dc1947903fbdec5e3363d2aa76","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"chao-dyn/9410005","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"chao-dyn/9410005","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"chao-dyn/9410005v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.chao-dyn/9410005","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6SQDZ5FEL377","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6SQDZ5FEL377ENX5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6SQDZ5FE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1994:6SQDZ5FEL377ENX5KJ2IE3C272","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"chao-dyn/9410005","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"chao-dyn","submitted_at":"1994-10-21T11:36:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.DS","nlin.CD","physics.flu-dyn"],"title_canon_sha256":"8776a0888c0f2019f780daf28c04236c07f396c2385bf1fce81efd1c6885e837","abstract_canon_sha256":"c9c8af370e852f53dc8fe86b4ef7046516ad5eb7c873779f41a229eec2a23153"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f4a03cf4a45efff236fd5274826c5afe8878c4dc1947903fbdec5e3363d2aa76","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:35.334027Z","signature_b64":"HK6+46KC1trXKodh1WT4V/HQ4WaFVO6pmgitJwQGHolor9mPGbjiH1k9SCY8qIleDIvulqtw7MYbJ+Lxq6DICQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f4a03cf4a45efff236fd5274826c5afe8878c4dc1947903fbdec5e3363d2aa76","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:35.333256Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:35.333256Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"chao-dyn/9410005","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IZIIfrWisCe4B0B1v5ArNMEZWM4fQtSe6WbB2HG3LozyWY6JiIDZ60m9go3e4rkgNVGuDfulxqmCCeezJD/RAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T23:26:04.645811Z"},"content_sha256":"9037fbe71506d8a06543b0d15b37f60732d79bf263f6f81b1dd9ffcf42f172bc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9037fbe71506d8a06543b0d15b37f60732d79bf263f6f81b1dd9ffcf42f172bc"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1994:6SQDZ5FEL377ENX5KJ2IE3C272","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Passive Scalars and Three-Dimensional Liouvillian Maps","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.DS","nlin.CD","physics.flu-dyn"],"primary_cat":"chao-dyn","authors_text":"Julyan H. E. Cartwright, Mario Feingold, Oreste Piro","submitted_at":"1994-10-21T11:36:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"Global aspects of the motion of passive scalars in time-dependent incompressible fluid flows are well described by volume-preserving (Liouvillian) three-dimensional maps. In this paper the possible invariant structures in Liouvillian maps and the two most interesting nearly-integrable cases are investigated. In addition, the fundamental role of invariant lines in organizing the dynamics of this type of system is exposed. Bifurcations involving the destruction of some invariant lines and tubes and the creation of new ones are described in detail."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"chao-dyn/9410005","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZmMGmEiysP5mUaNQPaVl+jCCHLGRZI7wzaILQZUKljGHW60fmE/oL7xHL6MVEoxxcjh/43CDT0kO4BpZcDVEAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T23:26:04.646246Z"},"content_sha256":"dc67bb78d19494716a480bdf0488580cc66405b7d781137f9a199878eb455271","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dc67bb78d19494716a480bdf0488580cc66405b7d781137f9a199878eb455271"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6SQDZ5FEL377ENX5KJ2IE3C272/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6SQDZ5FEL377ENX5KJ2IE3C272/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6SQDZ5FEL377ENX5KJ2IE3C272/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T23:26:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6SQDZ5FEL377ENX5KJ2IE3C272","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6SQDZ5FEL377ENX5KJ2IE3C272/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6SQDZ5FEL377ENX5KJ2IE3C272/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6SQDZ5FEL377ENX5KJ2IE3C272/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1994:6SQDZ5FEL377ENX5KJ2IE3C272","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c9c8af370e852f53dc8fe86b4ef7046516ad5eb7c873779f41a229eec2a23153","cross_cats_sorted":["math.DS","nlin.CD","physics.flu-dyn"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"chao-dyn","submitted_at":"1994-10-21T11:36:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"8776a0888c0f2019f780daf28c04236c07f396c2385bf1fce81efd1c6885e837"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"chao-dyn/9410005","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"chao-dyn/9410005","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"chao-dyn/9410005v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.chao-dyn/9410005","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6SQDZ5FEL377","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6SQDZ5FEL377ENX5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6SQDZ5FE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:dc67bb78d19494716a480bdf0488580cc66405b7d781137f9a199878eb455271","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Global aspects of the motion of passive scalars in time-dependent incompressible fluid flows are well described by volume-preserving (Liouvillian) three-dimensional maps. In this paper the possible invariant structures in Liouvillian maps and the two most interesting nearly-integrable cases are investigated. In addition, the fundamental role of invariant lines in organizing the dynamics of this type of system is exposed. Bifurcations involving the destruction of some invariant lines and tubes and the creation of new ones are described in detail.","authors_text":"Julyan H. E. Cartwright, Mario Feingold, Oreste Piro","cross_cats":["math.DS","nlin.CD","physics.flu-dyn"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"chao-dyn","submitted_at":"1994-10-21T11:36:26Z","title":"Passive Scalars and Three-Dimensional Liouvillian Maps"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"chao-dyn/9410005","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9037fbe71506d8a06543b0d15b37f60732d79bf263f6f81b1dd9ffcf42f172bc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c9c8af370e852f53dc8fe86b4ef7046516ad5eb7c873779f41a229eec2a23153","cross_cats_sorted":["math.DS","nlin.CD","physics.flu-dyn"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"chao-dyn","submitted_at":"1994-10-21T11:36:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"8776a0888c0f2019f780daf28c04236c07f396c2385bf1fce81efd1c6885e837"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"chao-dyn/9410005","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f4a03cf4a45efff236fd5274826c5afe8878c4dc1947903fbdec5e3363d2aa76","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f4a03cf4a45efff236fd5274826c5afe8878c4dc1947903fbdec5e3363d2aa76","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:35.333256Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:35.333256Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"HK6+46KC1trXKodh1WT4V/HQ4WaFVO6pmgitJwQGHolor9mPGbjiH1k9SCY8qIleDIvulqtw7MYbJ+Lxq6DICQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:49:35.334027Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"chao-dyn/9410005","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9037fbe71506d8a06543b0d15b37f60732d79bf263f6f81b1dd9ffcf42f172bc","sha256:dc67bb78d19494716a480bdf0488580cc66405b7d781137f9a199878eb455271"],"state_sha256":"644359b4d2c8c30f945e6f6a086b101074ad8d335181f9e481dcd70343031e19"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tcMze03GYiCo91s4e2esqZmH0j8Gsu4sQYl5T13jxVoWWncL0S4+tfQW9jqHZUDk7tzFWXbzP6bdR7lfUQTUAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T23:26:04.648850Z","bundle_sha256":"3a7f8dd85e10ea6caceed28140e460c6dd9f43c764dc9d5739f63e5a948a7cad"}}