{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:6UVWL6SGFVNACCSM5RAM6MRKJD","short_pith_number":"pith:6UVWL6SG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1705.01378","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2017-05-03T12:13:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"8e3a29dcd7ef4f6427eb270a6742b67e1285c43d09d78835a9853446823e6803","abstract_canon_sha256":"52edb24baa8ba5f3b26d328bfe0582f62ef82fc8166b7023cf5b1361f8c0d8be"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f52b65fa462d5a010a4cec40cf322a48d215da32bc45b2b821679da08c6cb1d0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1705.01378","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1705.01378","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1705.01378v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1705.01378","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6UVWL6SGFVNA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6UVWL6SGFVNACCSM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6UVWL6SG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:6UVWL6SGFVNACCSM5RAM6MRKJD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1705.01378","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2017-05-03T12:13:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"8e3a29dcd7ef4f6427eb270a6742b67e1285c43d09d78835a9853446823e6803","abstract_canon_sha256":"52edb24baa8ba5f3b26d328bfe0582f62ef82fc8166b7023cf5b1361f8c0d8be"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f52b65fa462d5a010a4cec40cf322a48d215da32bc45b2b821679da08c6cb1d0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:04.814216Z","signature_b64":"XN+RHCohHu3rkRI8qbrACxR4ar+SrMVqyxdH05rPK2ZCjBGjCg89sD/TBKJUZhtl40Pa3bT48UTNhudUreNDBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f52b65fa462d5a010a4cec40cf322a48d215da32bc45b2b821679da08c6cb1d0","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:04.813629Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:04.813629Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1705.01378","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kPuX+oAiJjaXJQpQAxiaG5Xe57GwUZLqtu0JZ7e8gTjuGXS7pja4OFZozmP+kQXoV2QQXDBuovZ/TLqeqzFgAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T15:33:50.050619Z"},"content_sha256":"5032b0a6d948cc03d713f5309dba7b077612ff43373dd0a45945be646f8c898a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5032b0a6d948cc03d713f5309dba7b077612ff43373dd0a45945be646f8c898a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:6UVWL6SGFVNACCSM5RAM6MRKJD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Soft Gravitons & the Memory Effect for Plane Gravitational Waves","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"C. Duval, G. W. Gibbons, P. A. Horvathy, P.-M. Zhang","submitted_at":"2017-05-03T12:13:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"The \"gravitational memory effect\" due to an exact plane wave provides us with an elementary description of the diffeomorphisms associated with soft gravitons. It is explained how the presence of the latter may be detected by observing the motion of freely falling particles or other forms of gravitational wave detection. Numerical calculations confirm the relevance of the first, second and third time integrals of the Riemann tensor pointed out earlier. Solutions for various profiles are constructed. It is also shown how to extend our treatment to Einstein-Maxwell plane waves and a midi-superspa"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1705.01378","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"p39T3v60QLNYdsA9Ey5qy9PO2W9QF1Sl5zwVpMjmUkiii9QCsLDEg7G8n1rTcAGMR1B+9KiQolI+UxDbNcnKCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T15:33:50.051348Z"},"content_sha256":"a6d758e0fcd919a248c244e1724dd57a326dbe24086464351a8fffde7486ac25","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a6d758e0fcd919a248c244e1724dd57a326dbe24086464351a8fffde7486ac25"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6UVWL6SGFVNACCSM5RAM6MRKJD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6UVWL6SGFVNACCSM5RAM6MRKJD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6UVWL6SGFVNACCSM5RAM6MRKJD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-08T15:33:50Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6UVWL6SGFVNACCSM5RAM6MRKJD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6UVWL6SGFVNACCSM5RAM6MRKJD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6UVWL6SGFVNACCSM5RAM6MRKJD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6UVWL6SGFVNACCSM5RAM6MRKJD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:6UVWL6SGFVNACCSM5RAM6MRKJD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"52edb24baa8ba5f3b26d328bfe0582f62ef82fc8166b7023cf5b1361f8c0d8be","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2017-05-03T12:13:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"8e3a29dcd7ef4f6427eb270a6742b67e1285c43d09d78835a9853446823e6803"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1705.01378","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1705.01378","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1705.01378v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1705.01378","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6UVWL6SGFVNA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6UVWL6SGFVNACCSM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6UVWL6SG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a6d758e0fcd919a248c244e1724dd57a326dbe24086464351a8fffde7486ac25","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The \"gravitational memory effect\" due to an exact plane wave provides us with an elementary description of the diffeomorphisms associated with soft gravitons. It is explained how the presence of the latter may be detected by observing the motion of freely falling particles or other forms of gravitational wave detection. Numerical calculations confirm the relevance of the first, second and third time integrals of the Riemann tensor pointed out earlier. Solutions for various profiles are constructed. It is also shown how to extend our treatment to Einstein-Maxwell plane waves and a midi-superspa","authors_text":"C. Duval, G. W. Gibbons, P. A. Horvathy, P.-M. Zhang","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2017-05-03T12:13:07Z","title":"Soft Gravitons & the Memory Effect for Plane Gravitational Waves"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1705.01378","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5032b0a6d948cc03d713f5309dba7b077612ff43373dd0a45945be646f8c898a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"52edb24baa8ba5f3b26d328bfe0582f62ef82fc8166b7023cf5b1361f8c0d8be","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2017-05-03T12:13:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"8e3a29dcd7ef4f6427eb270a6742b67e1285c43d09d78835a9853446823e6803"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1705.01378","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"f52b65fa462d5a010a4cec40cf322a48d215da32bc45b2b821679da08c6cb1d0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f52b65fa462d5a010a4cec40cf322a48d215da32bc45b2b821679da08c6cb1d0","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:04.813629Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:04.813629Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"XN+RHCohHu3rkRI8qbrACxR4ar+SrMVqyxdH05rPK2ZCjBGjCg89sD/TBKJUZhtl40Pa3bT48UTNhudUreNDBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:34:04.814216Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1705.01378","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5032b0a6d948cc03d713f5309dba7b077612ff43373dd0a45945be646f8c898a","sha256:a6d758e0fcd919a248c244e1724dd57a326dbe24086464351a8fffde7486ac25"],"state_sha256":"9b87aaed2fb705196149cc7d5774451bfd09cc00c5110ff5fc1337163fedf1fa"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BCWELHBh96xXif1a+Zy0BALTZsSFF2DSOj2New+XTmZZufLKcJiqPiTg9ecnEH0SsA3pq0vtaskYRtUxVPDlAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T15:33:50.055188Z","bundle_sha256":"449e0577f3af7140b36ab495bb87b04db99f03aeddcabc7a4a8e2c3915147851"}}