{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:6V4BJ6IXE4DTW2WR4Q4YK4PYDE","short_pith_number":"pith:6V4BJ6IX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1803.09744","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2018-03-26T17:59:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","astro-ph.SR","physics.space-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"df9e93a66673884dcbfbc793c61c9e69a8447d133823bf9f51930a58a732d09a","abstract_canon_sha256":"45dd925d61810667dc048daf2a51938f3fd3f158b0f68ab589dc907820ea0b3d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f57814f91727073b6ad1e4398571f81912d724c64c392e46218653275dae7ea2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1803.09744","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1803.09744","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1803.09744v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1803.09744","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6V4BJ6IXE4DT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6V4BJ6IXE4DTW2WR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6V4BJ6IX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:6V4BJ6IXE4DTW2WR4Q4YK4PYDE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1803.09744","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2018-03-26T17:59:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","astro-ph.SR","physics.space-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"df9e93a66673884dcbfbc793c61c9e69a8447d133823bf9f51930a58a732d09a","abstract_canon_sha256":"45dd925d61810667dc048daf2a51938f3fd3f158b0f68ab589dc907820ea0b3d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f57814f91727073b6ad1e4398571f81912d724c64c392e46218653275dae7ea2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38.123408Z","signature_b64":"GeEl1l02/XhLiv60aeaZmIVPzIkQArzLU0c9uKPTxb1CsPhR518yKbdAkLVEKJcwBBKR/b8N3gZeQdmH9IkeAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f57814f91727073b6ad1e4398571f81912d724c64c392e46218653275dae7ea2","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38.122808Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38.122808Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1803.09744","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"R/faTKaP/6SJAjqu1i6TxO61G7I0LxS+5RrhQ4nXyjlHcDs7G+bhg7o4XVHZOtcRzzMJw6BpMj4S+LlR11erCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T23:38:27.131018Z"},"content_sha256":"cb9da2697c662524b736a7ffc777d42971626cd5a5b3c65e402e8f0097d91e79","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cb9da2697c662524b736a7ffc777d42971626cd5a5b3c65e402e8f0097d91e79"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:6V4BJ6IXE4DTW2WR4Q4YK4PYDE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On the Formation and Properties of Fluid Shocks and Collisionless Shock Waves in Astrophysical Plasmas","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","astro-ph.SR","physics.space-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","authors_text":"Antoine Bret, Asaf Pe'er","submitted_at":"2018-03-26T17:59:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"When two plasmas collide, their interaction can be mediated by collisionless plasma instabilities or binary collisions between particles of each shell. By comparing the maximum growth rate of the collisionless instabilities with the collision frequency between particles of the shells, we determine the critical density separating the collisionless formation from the collisional formation of the resulting shock waves. This critical density is also the density beyond which the shock downstream is field free, as plasma instabilities do not have time to develop electromagnetic patterns. We further "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1803.09744","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"z8uOQYqvdtDDFCDozj7gPaSX5aLcED6dw16ufP1R7KGenfLubc/SoheyHUEWIx74eBw/2s4jJhKVHHpuIm0kDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T23:38:27.131624Z"},"content_sha256":"b66c729a38119e7868ef328a0c62171581990eee68e175791711faae334feecb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b66c729a38119e7868ef328a0c62171581990eee68e175791711faae334feecb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6V4BJ6IXE4DTW2WR4Q4YK4PYDE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6V4BJ6IXE4DTW2WR4Q4YK4PYDE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6V4BJ6IXE4DTW2WR4Q4YK4PYDE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-04T23:38:27Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6V4BJ6IXE4DTW2WR4Q4YK4PYDE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6V4BJ6IXE4DTW2WR4Q4YK4PYDE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6V4BJ6IXE4DTW2WR4Q4YK4PYDE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6V4BJ6IXE4DTW2WR4Q4YK4PYDE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:6V4BJ6IXE4DTW2WR4Q4YK4PYDE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"45dd925d61810667dc048daf2a51938f3fd3f158b0f68ab589dc907820ea0b3d","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","astro-ph.SR","physics.space-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2018-03-26T17:59:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"df9e93a66673884dcbfbc793c61c9e69a8447d133823bf9f51930a58a732d09a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1803.09744","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1803.09744","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1803.09744v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1803.09744","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6V4BJ6IXE4DT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6V4BJ6IXE4DTW2WR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6V4BJ6IX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b66c729a38119e7868ef328a0c62171581990eee68e175791711faae334feecb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"When two plasmas collide, their interaction can be mediated by collisionless plasma instabilities or binary collisions between particles of each shell. By comparing the maximum growth rate of the collisionless instabilities with the collision frequency between particles of the shells, we determine the critical density separating the collisionless formation from the collisional formation of the resulting shock waves. This critical density is also the density beyond which the shock downstream is field free, as plasma instabilities do not have time to develop electromagnetic patterns. We further ","authors_text":"Antoine Bret, Asaf Pe'er","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","astro-ph.SR","physics.space-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2018-03-26T17:59:59Z","title":"On the Formation and Properties of Fluid Shocks and Collisionless Shock Waves in Astrophysical Plasmas"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1803.09744","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cb9da2697c662524b736a7ffc777d42971626cd5a5b3c65e402e8f0097d91e79","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"45dd925d61810667dc048daf2a51938f3fd3f158b0f68ab589dc907820ea0b3d","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","astro-ph.SR","physics.space-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2018-03-26T17:59:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"df9e93a66673884dcbfbc793c61c9e69a8447d133823bf9f51930a58a732d09a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1803.09744","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f57814f91727073b6ad1e4398571f81912d724c64c392e46218653275dae7ea2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f57814f91727073b6ad1e4398571f81912d724c64c392e46218653275dae7ea2","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38.122808Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38.122808Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"GeEl1l02/XhLiv60aeaZmIVPzIkQArzLU0c9uKPTxb1CsPhR518yKbdAkLVEKJcwBBKR/b8N3gZeQdmH9IkeAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:10:38.123408Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1803.09744","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cb9da2697c662524b736a7ffc777d42971626cd5a5b3c65e402e8f0097d91e79","sha256:b66c729a38119e7868ef328a0c62171581990eee68e175791711faae334feecb"],"state_sha256":"d982fcbdebe2ba8dd7c6b45fc69886216f787ba4237d21ddec2a62709c54f6d3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/g0Iz618rjoaPe1pO06/zAfmOtMS4eU/uHn0dNterhn/GyUTNXK4txQDZKGDpzbeg48XzsMbyT+FqBcQ7CDqDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T23:38:27.135071Z","bundle_sha256":"a72239888037dc8b708867d6c1c7e8dc1c17a7260eef2df92854dacedea74c1c"}}