{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:6V5R7FSNY6WFAMVY22YPF64GVJ","short_pith_number":"pith:6V5R7FSN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2509.06253","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2025-09-08T00:29:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.IM"],"title_canon_sha256":"1cc48d3fd1a3b9abfa752e3839ce6e6e822f65e43eef3c0047c1aded52e6e581","abstract_canon_sha256":"f28cb2257682bcac8a6938fd9620a4b0ddae483998c1b05e2c5eb3ab8a016699"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f57b1f964dc7ac5032b8d6b0f2fb86aa799c1b366253a8f0537bee86520a4814","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2509.06253","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2509.06253","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2509.06253v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2509.06253","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6V5R7FSNY6WF","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6V5R7FSNY6WFAMVY","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6V5R7FSN","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:6V5R7FSNY6WFAMVY22YPF64GVJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2509.06253","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2025-09-08T00:29:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.IM"],"title_canon_sha256":"1cc48d3fd1a3b9abfa752e3839ce6e6e822f65e43eef3c0047c1aded52e6e581","abstract_canon_sha256":"f28cb2257682bcac8a6938fd9620a4b0ddae483998c1b05e2c5eb3ab8a016699"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f57b1f964dc7ac5032b8d6b0f2fb86aa799c1b366253a8f0537bee86520a4814","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32.391415Z","signature_b64":"gr19yDud0HQ4ETxaKR36XB4ycNwteU8ag6KBg8sF938jDYg61wTYr10YDeUctIgKrIt72ZJjbfIoResXCnMaDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f57b1f964dc7ac5032b8d6b0f2fb86aa799c1b366253a8f0537bee86520a4814","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32.390298Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32.390298Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2509.06253","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PdGQgbVqdFo2uxEDUGu2QX0raIS8FC10C0AtkmUEvWrNrfHhJHJpshMB6ixCGD/Rn/IG1Ggi6PQZ7N3trA/jAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T01:21:57.029958Z"},"content_sha256":"e9f31f8fa02df81d6b56822009d9c66f905601ddf729d50d6946e24e5b9c58d3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e9f31f8fa02df81d6b56822009d9c66f905601ddf729d50d6946e24e5b9c58d3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:6V5R7FSNY6WFAMVY22YPF64GVJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Quantitative Mapping of the Loeb Scale","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.IM"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Abraham Loeb, Oem Trivedi","submitted_at":"2025-09-08T00:29:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"The recent discovery of a third interstellar object (ISO) 3I/ATLAS, following 1I/`Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov, has raised questions about the nature and origin of these enigmatic objects. With the Vera C. Rubin Observatory expected to discover dozens of new ISOs over the next decade, it is timely to use a classification scheme for their nature in the context of the recently proposed Loeb scale. Here, we provide a formalism for ranking ISOs quantitatively on the Loeb Scale in analogy to Sagan's formalism for mapping the Kardashev scale based on the energy output of technological civilizations."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2509.06253","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2509.06253/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"D3zqMyrU5BJI2tr1C+XKPAmA4/7D0sUA0XiZSgkeTTA0v318oXpwXJj3pDokoRZJtKojcYM4Mb6IR0r3+9bMAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T01:21:57.030980Z"},"content_sha256":"3bc43813b841fe48315bf5e7572519c46d8c7f9200e36ba2e625fd81dea90dc9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3bc43813b841fe48315bf5e7572519c46d8c7f9200e36ba2e625fd81dea90dc9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6V5R7FSNY6WFAMVY22YPF64GVJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6V5R7FSNY6WFAMVY22YPF64GVJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6V5R7FSNY6WFAMVY22YPF64GVJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T01:21:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6V5R7FSNY6WFAMVY22YPF64GVJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6V5R7FSNY6WFAMVY22YPF64GVJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6V5R7FSNY6WFAMVY22YPF64GVJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6V5R7FSNY6WFAMVY22YPF64GVJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:6V5R7FSNY6WFAMVY22YPF64GVJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f28cb2257682bcac8a6938fd9620a4b0ddae483998c1b05e2c5eb3ab8a016699","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.IM"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2025-09-08T00:29:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"1cc48d3fd1a3b9abfa752e3839ce6e6e822f65e43eef3c0047c1aded52e6e581"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2509.06253","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2509.06253","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2509.06253v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2509.06253","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6V5R7FSNY6WF","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6V5R7FSNY6WFAMVY","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6V5R7FSN","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3bc43813b841fe48315bf5e7572519c46d8c7f9200e36ba2e625fd81dea90dc9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2509.06253/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The recent discovery of a third interstellar object (ISO) 3I/ATLAS, following 1I/`Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov, has raised questions about the nature and origin of these enigmatic objects. With the Vera C. Rubin Observatory expected to discover dozens of new ISOs over the next decade, it is timely to use a classification scheme for their nature in the context of the recently proposed Loeb scale. Here, we provide a formalism for ranking ISOs quantitatively on the Loeb Scale in analogy to Sagan's formalism for mapping the Kardashev scale based on the energy output of technological civilizations.","authors_text":"Abraham Loeb, Oem Trivedi","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.IM"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2025-09-08T00:29:10Z","title":"Quantitative Mapping of the Loeb Scale"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2509.06253","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e9f31f8fa02df81d6b56822009d9c66f905601ddf729d50d6946e24e5b9c58d3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f28cb2257682bcac8a6938fd9620a4b0ddae483998c1b05e2c5eb3ab8a016699","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.IM"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2025-09-08T00:29:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"1cc48d3fd1a3b9abfa752e3839ce6e6e822f65e43eef3c0047c1aded52e6e581"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2509.06253","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f57b1f964dc7ac5032b8d6b0f2fb86aa799c1b366253a8f0537bee86520a4814","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f57b1f964dc7ac5032b8d6b0f2fb86aa799c1b366253a8f0537bee86520a4814","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32.390298Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32.390298Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"gr19yDud0HQ4ETxaKR36XB4ycNwteU8ag6KBg8sF938jDYg61wTYr10YDeUctIgKrIt72ZJjbfIoResXCnMaDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:32.391415Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2509.06253","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e9f31f8fa02df81d6b56822009d9c66f905601ddf729d50d6946e24e5b9c58d3","sha256:3bc43813b841fe48315bf5e7572519c46d8c7f9200e36ba2e625fd81dea90dc9"],"state_sha256":"47d2a2c209d07e6f00353b35bea1347f4a31fe4c7363663ad6eee0f6ab18d6b6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cW1gY2rrYdJdCAzLUZjByz+QPWhUsEU5CADebeN0rRpjE0f1hAlesdu43COcPAZfP5B+WQK4QIaCW10abJp9Cw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T01:21:57.038009Z","bundle_sha256":"11d0241a409b6cef3894f22823efcc70e50c0f653b2044d39bb96d4bd59e4ec2"}}