{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:6VFQ3A3QEZ7WNT7IWS5CATB5I3","short_pith_number":"pith:6VFQ3A3Q","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.03724","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2018-09-11T08:17:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8dc9442e77b535dcd785a8d1352e42fbe0d8712d675167e6f1dab569dde7a4f1","abstract_canon_sha256":"860629cce25a1cb4f18d85a43433cee293e135373a17382baf2ee1440c437922"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f54b0d8370267f66cfe8b4ba204c3d46f5cded9bcd9e5d8c84181d8128541f7c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1809.03724","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.03724","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.03724v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.03724","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6VFQ3A3QEZ7W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6VFQ3A3QEZ7WNT7I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6VFQ3A3Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:6VFQ3A3QEZ7WNT7IWS5CATB5I3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.03724","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2018-09-11T08:17:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8dc9442e77b535dcd785a8d1352e42fbe0d8712d675167e6f1dab569dde7a4f1","abstract_canon_sha256":"860629cce25a1cb4f18d85a43433cee293e135373a17382baf2ee1440c437922"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f54b0d8370267f66cfe8b4ba204c3d46f5cded9bcd9e5d8c84181d8128541f7c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:00.012332Z","signature_b64":"ASpfIkul0L8PXc17h3qf5tcFMrS+axn+N3EvlRxxxN6Cp8ZFbu2PjL6NVWa5fYYcM0tGmGcAIdAjyZyjDRj2BQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f54b0d8370267f66cfe8b4ba204c3d46f5cded9bcd9e5d8c84181d8128541f7c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:00.011796Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:00.011796Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1809.03724","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"X+nefSY4ZkBqoVPtV4Ed58LDeSyGqtoQ0VJltSJrE95s10hkUz4a5EXjd9kEEN8QF3XGe/EDcHBPnSrlxRc8CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T12:29:57.634175Z"},"content_sha256":"1df0dc03aca85852b84aafe8260f0c891bac7f149ba785fbbd33cae5dc493556","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1df0dc03aca85852b84aafe8260f0c891bac7f149ba785fbbd33cae5dc493556"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:6VFQ3A3QEZ7WNT7IWS5CATB5I3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Characterizing the Power Cost of Virtualization Environments","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.NI","authors_text":"Carla Fabiana Chiasserini, Francesco Malandrino, Senay Semu Tadesse","submitted_at":"2018-09-11T08:17:40Z","abstract_excerpt":"Virtualization is a key building block of next-generation mobile networks. It can be implemented through two main approaches: traditional virtual machines and lighter-weight containers. Our objective in this paper is to compare these approaches and study the power consumption they are associated with. To this end, we perform a large set of real-world measurements, using both synthetic workloads and real-world applications, and use them to model the relationship between the resource usage of the hosted application and the power consumption of both virtual machines and containers hosting it. We "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.03724","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7gfc1NwmGKY8vMGSdRFKpURi4RX5UUyUCNovqURFgeTD/kIgV99Rh99KEgiGIfVp4lzM6CmaFsHBBp9kWIEFCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T12:29:57.634530Z"},"content_sha256":"8f7df7ac8b9851d96abcc386def4451dc220c376b2ecb8fd753987ac2e5848d9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8f7df7ac8b9851d96abcc386def4451dc220c376b2ecb8fd753987ac2e5848d9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6VFQ3A3QEZ7WNT7IWS5CATB5I3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6VFQ3A3QEZ7WNT7IWS5CATB5I3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6VFQ3A3QEZ7WNT7IWS5CATB5I3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T12:29:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6VFQ3A3QEZ7WNT7IWS5CATB5I3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6VFQ3A3QEZ7WNT7IWS5CATB5I3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6VFQ3A3QEZ7WNT7IWS5CATB5I3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6VFQ3A3QEZ7WNT7IWS5CATB5I3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:6VFQ3A3QEZ7WNT7IWS5CATB5I3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"860629cce25a1cb4f18d85a43433cee293e135373a17382baf2ee1440c437922","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2018-09-11T08:17:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"8dc9442e77b535dcd785a8d1352e42fbe0d8712d675167e6f1dab569dde7a4f1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.03724","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.03724","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.03724v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.03724","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6VFQ3A3QEZ7W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6VFQ3A3QEZ7WNT7I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6VFQ3A3Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8f7df7ac8b9851d96abcc386def4451dc220c376b2ecb8fd753987ac2e5848d9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Virtualization is a key building block of next-generation mobile networks. It can be implemented through two main approaches: traditional virtual machines and lighter-weight containers. Our objective in this paper is to compare these approaches and study the power consumption they are associated with. To this end, we perform a large set of real-world measurements, using both synthetic workloads and real-world applications, and use them to model the relationship between the resource usage of the hosted application and the power consumption of both virtual machines and containers hosting it. We ","authors_text":"Carla Fabiana Chiasserini, Francesco Malandrino, Senay Semu Tadesse","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2018-09-11T08:17:40Z","title":"Characterizing the Power Cost of Virtualization Environments"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.03724","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1df0dc03aca85852b84aafe8260f0c891bac7f149ba785fbbd33cae5dc493556","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"860629cce25a1cb4f18d85a43433cee293e135373a17382baf2ee1440c437922","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2018-09-11T08:17:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"8dc9442e77b535dcd785a8d1352e42fbe0d8712d675167e6f1dab569dde7a4f1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.03724","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f54b0d8370267f66cfe8b4ba204c3d46f5cded9bcd9e5d8c84181d8128541f7c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f54b0d8370267f66cfe8b4ba204c3d46f5cded9bcd9e5d8c84181d8128541f7c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:00.011796Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:00.011796Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ASpfIkul0L8PXc17h3qf5tcFMrS+axn+N3EvlRxxxN6Cp8ZFbu2PjL6NVWa5fYYcM0tGmGcAIdAjyZyjDRj2BQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:00.012332Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1809.03724","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1df0dc03aca85852b84aafe8260f0c891bac7f149ba785fbbd33cae5dc493556","sha256:8f7df7ac8b9851d96abcc386def4451dc220c376b2ecb8fd753987ac2e5848d9"],"state_sha256":"a2e826bdb2aaf4e36fdb593bdea5b9374bfb97469bbd65b2cccac41cffe2acdb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"a5nKCY1n6+85wfZ9WGGknD6NyfK+QUI9Db8HOplpSxbqTz4yweDPBaAO6DXHUJxrDsPZHZbLKtFrwIBkx+WWDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T12:29:57.636513Z","bundle_sha256":"aede15fce7599aeef26c7f6591a80c18af7e7b4201440f9c97e6d56eac5eb624"}}