{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:6W7NO5LPCPSLLNXTIBABFYDGY5","short_pith_number":"pith:6W7NO5LP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.15710","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-12-25T12:32:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"1f0d778d0274ffe0364c8532375b70e5ed1296821940caa01e4d48f830ed65f0","abstract_canon_sha256":"b77ce32fea3be4af2b362847c26047dbc889745af7e79633d8f8e4b7318ebfeb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f5bed7756f13e4b5b6f3404012e066c760ad78e4418aa3f00bdc70bce43eb167","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2312.15710","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.15710","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.15710v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.15710","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6W7NO5LPCPSL","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6W7NO5LPCPSLLNXT","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6W7NO5LP","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:6W7NO5LPCPSLLNXTIBABFYDGY5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.15710","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-12-25T12:32:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"1f0d778d0274ffe0364c8532375b70e5ed1296821940caa01e4d48f830ed65f0","abstract_canon_sha256":"b77ce32fea3be4af2b362847c26047dbc889745af7e79633d8f8e4b7318ebfeb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f5bed7756f13e4b5b6f3404012e066c760ad78e4418aa3f00bdc70bce43eb167","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35.061497Z","signature_b64":"WUIJhCun1ZjsGE0/tzTfzw7We8W3qc5eaRWhYkL6Q6xEdZTHkJ7zDvImz0ZcyEJXJdHFL2k+iCDFnGvGZTEfDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f5bed7756f13e4b5b6f3404012e066c760ad78e4418aa3f00bdc70bce43eb167","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35.061002Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35.061002Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2312.15710","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y53orvLdiyV2VwzBJv4WZfVT3g9DWzmK4WwYLx93aUP8NIAp8XIVw/6nb8kxn31FpayUURzy435sYXvHs+S0AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T04:43:59.041805Z"},"content_sha256":"0eb7061f8eacf0da5bfe8bc2621a7dcdf660ab0e77bb6839c4f6a065db11cdc8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0eb7061f8eacf0da5bfe8bc2621a7dcdf660ab0e77bb6839c4f6a065db11cdc8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:6W7NO5LPCPSLLNXTIBABFYDGY5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Alleviating Hallucinations of Large Language Models through Induced Hallucinations","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Leyang Cui, Shuming Shi, Wei Bi, Yue Zhang","submitted_at":"2023-12-25T12:32:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"Despite their impressive capabilities, large language models (LLMs) have been observed to generate responses that include inaccurate or fabricated information, a phenomenon commonly known as ``hallucination''. In this work, we propose a simple \\textit{Induce-then-Contrast} Decoding (ICD) strategy to alleviate hallucinations. We first construct a factually weak LLM by inducing hallucinations from the original LLMs. Then, we penalize these induced hallucinations during decoding to enhance the factuality of the generated content. Concretely, we determine the final next-token predictions by amplif"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.15710","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2312.15710/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ofECNzFhwMu6Jm+fVAxurGIUFNLfArGgezjPrMoBynFijLpnBcTY/Y8u9Dj4I5K1vE9CyDNiOQwD1xGcblN+DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T04:43:59.042284Z"},"content_sha256":"05a95f15edfd448de99c2afb5f7d2b47ce2d7659a1478a0765fe9ab4ede9dba1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:05a95f15edfd448de99c2afb5f7d2b47ce2d7659a1478a0765fe9ab4ede9dba1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6W7NO5LPCPSLLNXTIBABFYDGY5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6W7NO5LPCPSLLNXTIBABFYDGY5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6W7NO5LPCPSLLNXTIBABFYDGY5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T04:43:59Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6W7NO5LPCPSLLNXTIBABFYDGY5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6W7NO5LPCPSLLNXTIBABFYDGY5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6W7NO5LPCPSLLNXTIBABFYDGY5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6W7NO5LPCPSLLNXTIBABFYDGY5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:6W7NO5LPCPSLLNXTIBABFYDGY5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b77ce32fea3be4af2b362847c26047dbc889745af7e79633d8f8e4b7318ebfeb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-12-25T12:32:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"1f0d778d0274ffe0364c8532375b70e5ed1296821940caa01e4d48f830ed65f0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.15710","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.15710","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.15710v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.15710","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6W7NO5LPCPSL","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6W7NO5LPCPSLLNXT","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6W7NO5LP","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:05a95f15edfd448de99c2afb5f7d2b47ce2d7659a1478a0765fe9ab4ede9dba1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2312.15710/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Despite their impressive capabilities, large language models (LLMs) have been observed to generate responses that include inaccurate or fabricated information, a phenomenon commonly known as ``hallucination''. In this work, we propose a simple \\textit{Induce-then-Contrast} Decoding (ICD) strategy to alleviate hallucinations. We first construct a factually weak LLM by inducing hallucinations from the original LLMs. Then, we penalize these induced hallucinations during decoding to enhance the factuality of the generated content. Concretely, we determine the final next-token predictions by amplif","authors_text":"Leyang Cui, Shuming Shi, Wei Bi, Yue Zhang","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-12-25T12:32:49Z","title":"Alleviating Hallucinations of Large Language Models through Induced Hallucinations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.15710","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0eb7061f8eacf0da5bfe8bc2621a7dcdf660ab0e77bb6839c4f6a065db11cdc8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b77ce32fea3be4af2b362847c26047dbc889745af7e79633d8f8e4b7318ebfeb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-12-25T12:32:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"1f0d778d0274ffe0364c8532375b70e5ed1296821940caa01e4d48f830ed65f0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.15710","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f5bed7756f13e4b5b6f3404012e066c760ad78e4418aa3f00bdc70bce43eb167","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f5bed7756f13e4b5b6f3404012e066c760ad78e4418aa3f00bdc70bce43eb167","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35.061002Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35.061002Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"WUIJhCun1ZjsGE0/tzTfzw7We8W3qc5eaRWhYkL6Q6xEdZTHkJ7zDvImz0ZcyEJXJdHFL2k+iCDFnGvGZTEfDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:54:35.061497Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2312.15710","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0eb7061f8eacf0da5bfe8bc2621a7dcdf660ab0e77bb6839c4f6a065db11cdc8","sha256:05a95f15edfd448de99c2afb5f7d2b47ce2d7659a1478a0765fe9ab4ede9dba1"],"state_sha256":"57999639c7254655318a90dae3b765a7e4d7f9202ed09fe98df11fc7c2cfc2d2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PHA8cv+tC4OYG4yV0KrgtYv0+qrRkKwjmR+9mQOOz2GP+8XpUiVaWRLQ25jqLutag9Rm3tNbojhKZuHNPJHaCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T04:43:59.045540Z","bundle_sha256":"b0d9c03e64a50c46cb7679fd5e46759198245d49cae03d2c885686c2f15bb859"}}