{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:6WCBRZARSVJ7C6GDNR5FTJDCVE","short_pith_number":"pith:6WCBRZAR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1406.7487","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.MA","submitted_at":"2014-06-29T10:48:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.GT"],"title_canon_sha256":"8d35bccb1fd7399b8301e72a89b8bda3438e878c0c5dd7f4bdcf7f47ef227087","abstract_canon_sha256":"e5d93073ece440159531191192c3ab3aa62529f23e1f630a442f044f8c9c1339"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f58418e4119553f178c36c7a59a462a90e9e095282e43ab387e02927442e0295","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1406.7487","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1406.7487","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1406.7487v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1406.7487","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6WCBRZARSVJ7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6WCBRZARSVJ7C6GD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6WCBRZAR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:6WCBRZARSVJ7C6GDNR5FTJDCVE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1406.7487","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.MA","submitted_at":"2014-06-29T10:48:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.GT"],"title_canon_sha256":"8d35bccb1fd7399b8301e72a89b8bda3438e878c0c5dd7f4bdcf7f47ef227087","abstract_canon_sha256":"e5d93073ece440159531191192c3ab3aa62529f23e1f630a442f044f8c9c1339"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f58418e4119553f178c36c7a59a462a90e9e095282e43ab387e02927442e0295","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:47.312270Z","signature_b64":"JZhAVwLaVykKhmuz6CR/Tqwmm29PTitTVsY+wN1k/vefK8RVH410qJB/nrCo0hXK29GP1w9GxoETVr0e74IeCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f58418e4119553f178c36c7a59a462a90e9e095282e43ab387e02927442e0295","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:47.311445Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:47.311445Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1406.7487","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DIaDgDiIqPJcoMCAaCRV5fjn2omtgkJhfbYFvVcb6dYtPmQU5ZRMgXMIqP8CeHbWgtn+moiE29jnkc88X9RvAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T01:16:07.095975Z"},"content_sha256":"9e49b1da0836dc6991ef11bfad6ca3fdc3420738206ba478ef68f29511efd317","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9e49b1da0836dc6991ef11bfad6ca3fdc3420738206ba478ef68f29511efd317"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:6WCBRZARSVJ7C6GDNR5FTJDCVE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Coalition Formation and Combinatorial Auctions; Applications to Self-organization and Self-management in Utility Computing","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.GT"],"primary_cat":"cs.MA","authors_text":"Ashkan Paya, Dan C. Marinescu, John P. Morrison","submitted_at":"2014-06-29T10:48:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper we propose a two-stage protocol for resource management in a hierarchically organized cloud. The first stage exploits spatial locality for the formation of coalitions of supply agents; the second stage, a combinatorial auction, is based on a modified proxy-based clock algorithm and has two phases, a clock phase and a proxy phase. The clock phase supports price discovery; in the second phase a proxy conducts multiple rounds of a combinatorial auction for the package of services requested by each client. The protocol strikes a balance between low-cost services for cloud clients and"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1406.7487","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9CqMIXUG6SjSbSJ84cdJTEih3rom58cDrwhjfsoQt3OU/C2tJVqKmVaxV642HhdRMie/TVStEOg3CZueryTNAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T01:16:07.096663Z"},"content_sha256":"4aab40f9d2fda17d8bfc3cdfcdf9f27a145b82444210b6a8e7b4ab46d4a4242d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4aab40f9d2fda17d8bfc3cdfcdf9f27a145b82444210b6a8e7b4ab46d4a4242d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6WCBRZARSVJ7C6GDNR5FTJDCVE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6WCBRZARSVJ7C6GDNR5FTJDCVE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6WCBRZARSVJ7C6GDNR5FTJDCVE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T01:16:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6WCBRZARSVJ7C6GDNR5FTJDCVE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6WCBRZARSVJ7C6GDNR5FTJDCVE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6WCBRZARSVJ7C6GDNR5FTJDCVE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6WCBRZARSVJ7C6GDNR5FTJDCVE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:6WCBRZARSVJ7C6GDNR5FTJDCVE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e5d93073ece440159531191192c3ab3aa62529f23e1f630a442f044f8c9c1339","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.GT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.MA","submitted_at":"2014-06-29T10:48:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"8d35bccb1fd7399b8301e72a89b8bda3438e878c0c5dd7f4bdcf7f47ef227087"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1406.7487","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1406.7487","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1406.7487v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1406.7487","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6WCBRZARSVJ7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6WCBRZARSVJ7C6GD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6WCBRZAR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4aab40f9d2fda17d8bfc3cdfcdf9f27a145b82444210b6a8e7b4ab46d4a4242d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper we propose a two-stage protocol for resource management in a hierarchically organized cloud. The first stage exploits spatial locality for the formation of coalitions of supply agents; the second stage, a combinatorial auction, is based on a modified proxy-based clock algorithm and has two phases, a clock phase and a proxy phase. The clock phase supports price discovery; in the second phase a proxy conducts multiple rounds of a combinatorial auction for the package of services requested by each client. The protocol strikes a balance between low-cost services for cloud clients and","authors_text":"Ashkan Paya, Dan C. Marinescu, John P. Morrison","cross_cats":["cs.GT"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.MA","submitted_at":"2014-06-29T10:48:46Z","title":"Coalition Formation and Combinatorial Auctions; Applications to Self-organization and Self-management in Utility Computing"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1406.7487","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9e49b1da0836dc6991ef11bfad6ca3fdc3420738206ba478ef68f29511efd317","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e5d93073ece440159531191192c3ab3aa62529f23e1f630a442f044f8c9c1339","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.GT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.MA","submitted_at":"2014-06-29T10:48:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"8d35bccb1fd7399b8301e72a89b8bda3438e878c0c5dd7f4bdcf7f47ef227087"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1406.7487","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"f58418e4119553f178c36c7a59a462a90e9e095282e43ab387e02927442e0295","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f58418e4119553f178c36c7a59a462a90e9e095282e43ab387e02927442e0295","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:47.311445Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:47.311445Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JZhAVwLaVykKhmuz6CR/Tqwmm29PTitTVsY+wN1k/vefK8RVH410qJB/nrCo0hXK29GP1w9GxoETVr0e74IeCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:47.312270Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1406.7487","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9e49b1da0836dc6991ef11bfad6ca3fdc3420738206ba478ef68f29511efd317","sha256:4aab40f9d2fda17d8bfc3cdfcdf9f27a145b82444210b6a8e7b4ab46d4a4242d"],"state_sha256":"4debd1c7d444b275c9a76a6798f1383d03d62bc1f29354adfdc835eaa507507b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hel3xRGw9NhZQccs+QmegEu7XmZtpUOWPoH6Ya/FnPfX2dAJZ24O+mtyGP/+yxMejQSdtwTz6gUV5+0bQMJ7Dw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T01:16:07.100074Z","bundle_sha256":"7204db6afaeff8b79188020a99ea1f5e3ae54d63d3edcb9f49df390220292eb7"}}