{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:6YJVKHQFXNGDMMPMNA32NW522V","short_pith_number":"pith:6YJVKHQF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.15539","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2025-07-21T12:06:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.DS"],"title_canon_sha256":"fca11dad624aa54c5aa6a0f1a127c19d19b66599e8e8ded2b992a45af7f14419","abstract_canon_sha256":"137025eb20039426445a7b8cca98ed72640dc8688e2318f56e0a0e66eeca301e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f613551e05bb4c3631ec6837a6dbbad5777fa612b9196e408cc33b9d2885f341","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2507.15539","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.15539","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.15539v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.15539","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6YJVKHQFXNGD","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6YJVKHQFXNGDMMPM","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6YJVKHQF","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:6YJVKHQFXNGDMMPMNA32NW522V","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.15539","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2025-07-21T12:06:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.DS"],"title_canon_sha256":"fca11dad624aa54c5aa6a0f1a127c19d19b66599e8e8ded2b992a45af7f14419","abstract_canon_sha256":"137025eb20039426445a7b8cca98ed72640dc8688e2318f56e0a0e66eeca301e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f613551e05bb4c3631ec6837a6dbbad5777fa612b9196e408cc33b9d2885f341","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18.107038Z","signature_b64":"GVBbcO9/Ch5KN7YBZO3/ANWUqUet8zXcGBRt26/yXV6+fnYKluJHkEVbPyrO1f8nfX6t2e2lj/OvoIULZICZBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f613551e05bb4c3631ec6837a6dbbad5777fa612b9196e408cc33b9d2885f341","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18.106560Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18.106560Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2507.15539","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4nTeqay3PEa1VSMe2+Kymh1IZM9D2RjlwkklQnP11WDFMqMPRN27qeipBCVGIPH9dbLtp4p1pVaZSWEcndd0DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T15:56:12.741590Z"},"content_sha256":"f490c37330db95590c0e7a1953ae1139f26533c7363b2593b4a96f08dc10ae50","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f490c37330db95590c0e7a1953ae1139f26533c7363b2593b4a96f08dc10ae50"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:6YJVKHQFXNGDMMPMNA32NW522V","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Reduced Subgrid Scale Terms in Three-Dimensional Turbulence","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.DS"],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Rik Hoekstra, Wouter Edeling","submitted_at":"2025-07-21T12:06:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large eddy simulation (LES) has become a central technique for simulating turbulent flows in engineering and applied sciences, offering a compromise between accuracy and computational cost by resolving large scale motions and modeling the effects of smaller, unresolved scales through a subgrid scale (SGS) model. The fidelity and robustness of LES depends critically on the SGS model, particularly in coarse simulations where much of the turbulence spectrum remains unresolved.\n  In this work, we extend the tau-orthogonal (TO) method, a data-driven SGS modeling framework, to three-dimensional turb"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.15539","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2507.15539/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3xfJMImlVoML+kiBEuxk08IpdrjvzC8Z1WTGD4eWOCM7L+QF7xTT9wXj1OcEnTKeqU/7OVUxUKekHblkKGCEBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T15:56:12.742108Z"},"content_sha256":"9fd20f22500e4cab8aa5c1ee4e8d83946e912c6b9ae89dc3000d27ef66bde9ae","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9fd20f22500e4cab8aa5c1ee4e8d83946e912c6b9ae89dc3000d27ef66bde9ae"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6YJVKHQFXNGDMMPMNA32NW522V/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6YJVKHQFXNGDMMPMNA32NW522V/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6YJVKHQFXNGDMMPMNA32NW522V/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T15:56:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6YJVKHQFXNGDMMPMNA32NW522V","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6YJVKHQFXNGDMMPMNA32NW522V/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6YJVKHQFXNGDMMPMNA32NW522V/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6YJVKHQFXNGDMMPMNA32NW522V/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:6YJVKHQFXNGDMMPMNA32NW522V","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"137025eb20039426445a7b8cca98ed72640dc8688e2318f56e0a0e66eeca301e","cross_cats_sorted":["math.DS"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2025-07-21T12:06:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"fca11dad624aa54c5aa6a0f1a127c19d19b66599e8e8ded2b992a45af7f14419"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.15539","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.15539","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.15539v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.15539","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6YJVKHQFXNGD","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6YJVKHQFXNGDMMPM","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6YJVKHQF","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9fd20f22500e4cab8aa5c1ee4e8d83946e912c6b9ae89dc3000d27ef66bde9ae","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2507.15539/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large eddy simulation (LES) has become a central technique for simulating turbulent flows in engineering and applied sciences, offering a compromise between accuracy and computational cost by resolving large scale motions and modeling the effects of smaller, unresolved scales through a subgrid scale (SGS) model. The fidelity and robustness of LES depends critically on the SGS model, particularly in coarse simulations where much of the turbulence spectrum remains unresolved.\n  In this work, we extend the tau-orthogonal (TO) method, a data-driven SGS modeling framework, to three-dimensional turb","authors_text":"Rik Hoekstra, Wouter Edeling","cross_cats":["math.DS"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2025-07-21T12:06:34Z","title":"Reduced Subgrid Scale Terms in Three-Dimensional Turbulence"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.15539","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f490c37330db95590c0e7a1953ae1139f26533c7363b2593b4a96f08dc10ae50","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"137025eb20039426445a7b8cca98ed72640dc8688e2318f56e0a0e66eeca301e","cross_cats_sorted":["math.DS"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2025-07-21T12:06:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"fca11dad624aa54c5aa6a0f1a127c19d19b66599e8e8ded2b992a45af7f14419"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.15539","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f613551e05bb4c3631ec6837a6dbbad5777fa612b9196e408cc33b9d2885f341","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f613551e05bb4c3631ec6837a6dbbad5777fa612b9196e408cc33b9d2885f341","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18.106560Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18.106560Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"GVBbcO9/Ch5KN7YBZO3/ANWUqUet8zXcGBRt26/yXV6+fnYKluJHkEVbPyrO1f8nfX6t2e2lj/OvoIULZICZBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:18.107038Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2507.15539","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f490c37330db95590c0e7a1953ae1139f26533c7363b2593b4a96f08dc10ae50","sha256:9fd20f22500e4cab8aa5c1ee4e8d83946e912c6b9ae89dc3000d27ef66bde9ae"],"state_sha256":"f7d54321b0d915f88cd8c744b45b5dd399d41ff07229171c096ff34c09289b1f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"lHHMm0K8j5ucnVSAgG4ezeu97r0CjCO8RlcwqP5/wc86ZKjhIfcCTtechn663dCMtXQgGKHubCO8oBe8d0jCDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T15:56:12.746276Z","bundle_sha256":"534bb5680603efcab7ed16f415b5b10108d64673dd1767f2ab127f63cb4716b8"}}