{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:6YJZFPF5NNI33TKGMQWLWV6IHG","short_pith_number":"pith:6YJZFPF5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.12878","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2018-11-30T16:35:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft"],"title_canon_sha256":"f17f17928cf9d9e28ce0dfc992040965e5996b7ce6a4579c674f1c9bbe9053c7","abstract_canon_sha256":"482d38cc4337b47a9c522871cc00356a1db9dfcd98b00be7cc99e314edf89683"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f61392bcbd6b51bdcd46642cbb57c839ae8a09ecc3bef29aefbb0153542d5e8b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1811.12878","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.12878","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.12878v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.12878","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6YJZFPF5NNI3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6YJZFPF5NNI33TKG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6YJZFPF5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:6YJZFPF5NNI33TKGMQWLWV6IHG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.12878","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2018-11-30T16:35:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft"],"title_canon_sha256":"f17f17928cf9d9e28ce0dfc992040965e5996b7ce6a4579c674f1c9bbe9053c7","abstract_canon_sha256":"482d38cc4337b47a9c522871cc00356a1db9dfcd98b00be7cc99e314edf89683"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f61392bcbd6b51bdcd46642cbb57c839ae8a09ecc3bef29aefbb0153542d5e8b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:47.131927Z","signature_b64":"VijUmcErBelY+e50DKQE0tUE30JXn9SCzeaILqKAoF3P6liR8sghyvcmMsdUFUd0re2kXCbsnsRsvZrtNrEDDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f61392bcbd6b51bdcd46642cbb57c839ae8a09ecc3bef29aefbb0153542d5e8b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:47.131548Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:47.131548Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1811.12878","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qadK1d7fQaItjA3Ay8q53Ba7Txhas9S+eTdcLd0Jtc64K54ceBdgmvzELrmZuMdd4Lwk8rtsTE5Dk+VgYjQ3BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T18:44:15.922017Z"},"content_sha256":"16cf8ac0908ba4b67490f411edbf020cf8c63a425d7b0835d65e657aef00624c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:16cf8ac0908ba4b67490f411edbf020cf8c63a425d7b0835d65e657aef00624c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:6YJZFPF5NNI33TKGMQWLWV6IHG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Abnormal Ionic Current Rectification Caused by Reversed Electroosmotic Flow under Viscosity Gradients across Thin Nanopores","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.soft"],"primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","authors_text":"Meni Wanunu, Yinghua Qiu, Zuzanna S. Siwy","submitted_at":"2018-11-30T16:35:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"Single nanopores have attracted much scientific interest due to their versatile applications. The majority of experiments have been performed with nanopores being in contact with the same electrolyte on both sides of the membrane, while solution gradients across semi-permeable membranes are omnipresent in natural systems. In this manuscript, we studied ionic and fluidic movement through thin nanopores under viscosity gradients both experimentally and using simulations. Ionic current rectification was observed under these conditions, due to solutions with different conductivities filled across "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.12878","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WyrLyMiG47fNy8j/3K2tqJZxDErHlQdm3CJE0vD2g57hQ0uoP7PuxOwdZndT4hZ95fajIAyJHFlO5/3b6cEsAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T18:44:15.922558Z"},"content_sha256":"162395d0baf29d05a0a09341764a315e1921071f591c660a6fd36ce68a3e4552","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:162395d0baf29d05a0a09341764a315e1921071f591c660a6fd36ce68a3e4552"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6YJZFPF5NNI33TKGMQWLWV6IHG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6YJZFPF5NNI33TKGMQWLWV6IHG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6YJZFPF5NNI33TKGMQWLWV6IHG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-06T18:44:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6YJZFPF5NNI33TKGMQWLWV6IHG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6YJZFPF5NNI33TKGMQWLWV6IHG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6YJZFPF5NNI33TKGMQWLWV6IHG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6YJZFPF5NNI33TKGMQWLWV6IHG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:6YJZFPF5NNI33TKGMQWLWV6IHG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"482d38cc4337b47a9c522871cc00356a1db9dfcd98b00be7cc99e314edf89683","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2018-11-30T16:35:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"f17f17928cf9d9e28ce0dfc992040965e5996b7ce6a4579c674f1c9bbe9053c7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.12878","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.12878","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.12878v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.12878","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6YJZFPF5NNI3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6YJZFPF5NNI33TKG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6YJZFPF5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:162395d0baf29d05a0a09341764a315e1921071f591c660a6fd36ce68a3e4552","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Single nanopores have attracted much scientific interest due to their versatile applications. The majority of experiments have been performed with nanopores being in contact with the same electrolyte on both sides of the membrane, while solution gradients across semi-permeable membranes are omnipresent in natural systems. In this manuscript, we studied ionic and fluidic movement through thin nanopores under viscosity gradients both experimentally and using simulations. Ionic current rectification was observed under these conditions, due to solutions with different conductivities filled across ","authors_text":"Meni Wanunu, Yinghua Qiu, Zuzanna S. Siwy","cross_cats":["cond-mat.soft"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2018-11-30T16:35:29Z","title":"Abnormal Ionic Current Rectification Caused by Reversed Electroosmotic Flow under Viscosity Gradients across Thin Nanopores"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.12878","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:16cf8ac0908ba4b67490f411edbf020cf8c63a425d7b0835d65e657aef00624c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"482d38cc4337b47a9c522871cc00356a1db9dfcd98b00be7cc99e314edf89683","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","submitted_at":"2018-11-30T16:35:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"f17f17928cf9d9e28ce0dfc992040965e5996b7ce6a4579c674f1c9bbe9053c7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.12878","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f61392bcbd6b51bdcd46642cbb57c839ae8a09ecc3bef29aefbb0153542d5e8b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f61392bcbd6b51bdcd46642cbb57c839ae8a09ecc3bef29aefbb0153542d5e8b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:47.131548Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:47.131548Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"VijUmcErBelY+e50DKQE0tUE30JXn9SCzeaILqKAoF3P6liR8sghyvcmMsdUFUd0re2kXCbsnsRsvZrtNrEDDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:47.131927Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1811.12878","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:16cf8ac0908ba4b67490f411edbf020cf8c63a425d7b0835d65e657aef00624c","sha256:162395d0baf29d05a0a09341764a315e1921071f591c660a6fd36ce68a3e4552"],"state_sha256":"2501a2c05024cdcd39fdfe99e9734d773ad35ab16cdfe57ea5e780b562b5e7b3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pmi0j65F0KXYiPvBeQIdv0dzrckLWiLo+Bel/CckyOwBAiT+7oziKkdkUod8s0EbKr2vLGAtG1gaapxZiwuNAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T18:44:15.925094Z","bundle_sha256":"5487b3b4753c1cc6abac7a8651c84243b788789da2f4d34f07c765b48cf5cf9e"}}