{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:6YTIQ5AGQFEY6INUSL4OCPCEW5","short_pith_number":"pith:6YTIQ5AG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1307.3613","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2013-07-13T05:58:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"03548689d4d49c76f5b7a7ce3ac86338dbe5a78363383468dac7b2388685741c","abstract_canon_sha256":"964893b176fe66aacfcdfe39b30e258577ee70cb2ba470ac6064d47a7557ff8e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f62688740681498f21b492f8e13c44b74534a6678bbc676a7f9abf7c36fd47bc","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1307.3613","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1307.3613","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1307.3613v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1307.3613","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6YTIQ5AGQFEY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6YTIQ5AGQFEY6INU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6YTIQ5AG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:36Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:6YTIQ5AGQFEY6INUSL4OCPCEW5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1307.3613","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2013-07-13T05:58:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"03548689d4d49c76f5b7a7ce3ac86338dbe5a78363383468dac7b2388685741c","abstract_canon_sha256":"964893b176fe66aacfcdfe39b30e258577ee70cb2ba470ac6064d47a7557ff8e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f62688740681498f21b492f8e13c44b74534a6678bbc676a7f9abf7c36fd47bc","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:21.246533Z","signature_b64":"uF9rc95wb08aP8vlxlhjgIGW7VXFt8asSJoxu/Jah6D24iWNJU78TNw1HfyRoaYrpGqWuH8gqslLAHVRBCqfCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f62688740681498f21b492f8e13c44b74534a6678bbc676a7f9abf7c36fd47bc","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:21.246058Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:21.246058Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1307.3613","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zyvoEVW4h0lHB4/Ij4ftp1INiWvXFFMEOfpvyoJ4wO2bFafybizDaMNdyL3VbDt0MB00Q2QRyt6vGvkcn3M+AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T06:23:07.406981Z"},"content_sha256":"64e7f6cad476f63ebc2240ec300830b36b99b216a19d54fb7adde7e267d5fee4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:64e7f6cad476f63ebc2240ec300830b36b99b216a19d54fb7adde7e267d5fee4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:6YTIQ5AGQFEY6INUSL4OCPCEW5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Physics as a Mechanism for Including ELLs in Classroom Discourse","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","authors_text":"Enrique Suarez, Valerie Otero","submitted_at":"2013-07-13T05:58:40Z","abstract_excerpt":"English Language Learners (ELLs) are frequently left on the periphery of classroom interactions. Due to misalignment of language skills, teachers and peers communicate with these students less often, decreasing the number of opportunities to engage. Exclusion can be avoided with learning activities that invite all students to participate and contribute ideas. We argue that environments and activities that privilege scientific inductive reasoning increase possibilities for emerging bilingual students to engage. This study investigated first-grade students' discussions about factors that affect "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1307.3613","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y1jxsuFBuFlgxFoUeh8r2TgyRL6iJvrEn5A8dMZvsGfvEfOygSo7KGDm+owWPkR+mkgU8FG6yg0cKEARs8xOBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T06:23:07.407701Z"},"content_sha256":"7728bf0cdf7f71dc030b81e78a19844778c66054c1f61d5f27bb1e0278b3f5f1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7728bf0cdf7f71dc030b81e78a19844778c66054c1f61d5f27bb1e0278b3f5f1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6YTIQ5AGQFEY6INUSL4OCPCEW5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6YTIQ5AGQFEY6INUSL4OCPCEW5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6YTIQ5AGQFEY6INUSL4OCPCEW5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-09T06:23:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6YTIQ5AGQFEY6INUSL4OCPCEW5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6YTIQ5AGQFEY6INUSL4OCPCEW5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6YTIQ5AGQFEY6INUSL4OCPCEW5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6YTIQ5AGQFEY6INUSL4OCPCEW5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:6YTIQ5AGQFEY6INUSL4OCPCEW5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"964893b176fe66aacfcdfe39b30e258577ee70cb2ba470ac6064d47a7557ff8e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2013-07-13T05:58:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"03548689d4d49c76f5b7a7ce3ac86338dbe5a78363383468dac7b2388685741c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1307.3613","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1307.3613","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1307.3613v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1307.3613","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6YTIQ5AGQFEY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6YTIQ5AGQFEY6INU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6YTIQ5AG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:36Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7728bf0cdf7f71dc030b81e78a19844778c66054c1f61d5f27bb1e0278b3f5f1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"English Language Learners (ELLs) are frequently left on the periphery of classroom interactions. Due to misalignment of language skills, teachers and peers communicate with these students less often, decreasing the number of opportunities to engage. Exclusion can be avoided with learning activities that invite all students to participate and contribute ideas. We argue that environments and activities that privilege scientific inductive reasoning increase possibilities for emerging bilingual students to engage. This study investigated first-grade students' discussions about factors that affect ","authors_text":"Enrique Suarez, Valerie Otero","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2013-07-13T05:58:40Z","title":"Physics as a Mechanism for Including ELLs in Classroom Discourse"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1307.3613","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:64e7f6cad476f63ebc2240ec300830b36b99b216a19d54fb7adde7e267d5fee4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"964893b176fe66aacfcdfe39b30e258577ee70cb2ba470ac6064d47a7557ff8e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2013-07-13T05:58:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"03548689d4d49c76f5b7a7ce3ac86338dbe5a78363383468dac7b2388685741c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1307.3613","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f62688740681498f21b492f8e13c44b74534a6678bbc676a7f9abf7c36fd47bc","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f62688740681498f21b492f8e13c44b74534a6678bbc676a7f9abf7c36fd47bc","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:21.246058Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:21.246058Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"uF9rc95wb08aP8vlxlhjgIGW7VXFt8asSJoxu/Jah6D24iWNJU78TNw1HfyRoaYrpGqWuH8gqslLAHVRBCqfCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:13:21.246533Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1307.3613","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:64e7f6cad476f63ebc2240ec300830b36b99b216a19d54fb7adde7e267d5fee4","sha256:7728bf0cdf7f71dc030b81e78a19844778c66054c1f61d5f27bb1e0278b3f5f1"],"state_sha256":"90aa3c2035e666a537c8f7d19962c14de4e90800a9c38c1c6206d85947d404f3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XLEeeofAcaKUhU4P9SCaxCaWe95VnoDGCZPj5LnlZpnixkSO/WGxX8qpYKsUONpDTCCqHnCpUmL4qKTle+bqBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T06:23:07.411928Z","bundle_sha256":"e1f87102febf4600cac57212b83e3181d82ad274aee1d47fcc0830ba807f089a"}}