{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:1999:6Z6AQVZUXJ5AW63HWPADVYVCKN","short_pith_number":"pith:6Z6AQVZU","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"f67c085734ba7a0b7b67b3c03ae2a25373ba2ded4ba1b01e302ef99bd1461ad7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"physics/9909048","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Conceptual Foundations of Special and General Relativity","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","authors_text":"Charles Francis","submitted_at":"1999-09-23T14:24:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"The k-calculus was advocated by Hermann Bondi as a means of explaining special relativity using only GCSE level mathematics and ideas. We review the central derivations, using proofs which are only a little more elegant than those in Bondi's books, and extend his development to include the scalar product and the mass shell condition. As used by Bondi, k is the Doppler red shift, and we extend the k calculus to include the gravitational red shift and give a derivation of Newton's law of gravity using only 'A' level calculus and basic quantum mechanics."},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"physics/9909048","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"1999-09-23T14:24:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9bc194c8822a4f83cdab148eb0b7dc5e68091e36de2b1db6624f74adb7300029","abstract_canon_sha256":"95da6a7b22cb9f7ca017d2d7fba7000d365a67a7bb0465229e6788c2b2bd3078"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T14:45:03.790440Z","signature_b64":"oOTEV7P6oHKKwkDu9BSmpw18+ZK4vayOGgqkoMc7sLTLYDfF8yb3UEaW8obep0x5PUfxuUBuj5d6Sf8mLzq/Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f67c085734ba7a0b7b67b3c03ae2a25373ba2ded4ba1b01e302ef99bd1461ad7","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T14:45:03.790038Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T14:45:03.790038Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Conceptual Foundations of Special and General Relativity","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","authors_text":"Charles Francis","submitted_at":"1999-09-23T14:24:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"The k-calculus was advocated by Hermann Bondi as a means of explaining special relativity using only GCSE level mathematics and ideas. We review the central derivations, using proofs which are only a little more elegant than those in Bondi's books, and extend his development to include the scalar product and the mass shell condition. As used by Bondi, k is the Doppler red shift, and we extend the k calculus to include the gravitational red shift and give a derivation of Newton's law of gravity using only 'A' level calculus and basic quantum mechanics."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"physics/9909048","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/physics/9909048/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"physics/9909048","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:45:03.790090+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"physics/9909048v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:45:03.790090+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.physics/9909048","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:45:03.790090+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6Z6AQVZUXJ5A","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:45:03.790090+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6Z6AQVZUXJ5AW63H","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:45:03.790090+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6Z6AQVZU","created_at":"2026-07-04T14:45:03.790090+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/6Z6AQVZUXJ5AW63HWPADVYVCKN","json":"https://pith.science/pith/6Z6AQVZUXJ5AW63HWPADVYVCKN.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/6Z6AQVZUXJ5AW63HWPADVYVCKN/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/6Z6AQVZUXJ5AW63HWPADVYVCKN/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/6Z6AQVZU"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/6Z6AQVZUXJ5AW63HWPADVYVCKN","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/6Z6AQVZUXJ5AW63HWPADVYVCKN.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/6Z6AQVZU","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=physics/9909048&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/6Z6AQVZUXJ5AW63HWPADVYVCKN/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/6Z6AQVZUXJ5AW63HWPADVYVCKN/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/6Z6AQVZUXJ5AW63HWPADVYVCKN/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/6Z6AQVZUXJ5AW63HWPADVYVCKN/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/6Z6AQVZUXJ5AW63HWPADVYVCKN/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/6Z6AQVZUXJ5AW63HWPADVYVCKN/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/6Z6AQVZUXJ5AW63HWPADVYVCKN/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-04T14:45:03.790090+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-04T14:45:03.790090+00:00"}