{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:6ZGAHKVGAQYQTS7H63GPULZ53E","short_pith_number":"pith:6ZGAHKVG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.04912","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2019-01-15T16:26:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c842d16efbe423f15f54c33c5910232b1e9243c8216ce2479089b98e00c55aa6","abstract_canon_sha256":"ce10592bc164f99520f66f56fb6d3e77bd53e6bde746616590c0837b22ea6767"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f64c03aaa6043109cbe7f6ccfa2f3dd9063b9373e1505b314e9229e09f21315d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1901.04912","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.04912","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.04912v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.04912","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6ZGAHKVGAQYQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6ZGAHKVGAQYQTS7H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6ZGAHKVG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:6ZGAHKVGAQYQTS7H63GPULZ53E","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.04912","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2019-01-15T16:26:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c842d16efbe423f15f54c33c5910232b1e9243c8216ce2479089b98e00c55aa6","abstract_canon_sha256":"ce10592bc164f99520f66f56fb6d3e77bd53e6bde746616590c0837b22ea6767"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f64c03aaa6043109cbe7f6ccfa2f3dd9063b9373e1505b314e9229e09f21315d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:09.237159Z","signature_b64":"RwmXg6Jy3DOgY0fXnOk2bb7YCCySf9woabAQYLqtzrTc9DTBVz1uW1NofBha48pealU3zCoqA5wb+K6YYT5bAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f64c03aaa6043109cbe7f6ccfa2f3dd9063b9373e1505b314e9229e09f21315d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:09.236651Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:09.236651Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1901.04912","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rWkAIXyXZa1CMCFKrR38qwGsfrcOT5XHyBpcGD35ms7umEMYd3w3YkOxREOFULaaPfYW+yHsgiGXXCM1j6x6Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T03:21:41.818463Z"},"content_sha256":"469cfdc10c557878da22364738bff8340786b00a9cdd5f244987f3ded88be90e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:469cfdc10c557878da22364738bff8340786b00a9cdd5f244987f3ded88be90e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:6ZGAHKVGAQYQTS7H63GPULZ53E","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Can a cosmic ray carrot explain the ionization level in diffuse molecular clouds?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"S. Biswas, S. Gabici, S. Recchia, V. H. M. Phan","submitted_at":"2019-01-15T16:26:22Z","abstract_excerpt":"Low energy cosmic rays are the major ionization agents of molecular clouds. However, it has been shown that, if the cosmic ray spectrum measured by Voyager 1 is representative of the whole Galaxy, the predicted ionization rate in diffuse clouds fails to reproduce data by 1-2 orders of magnitude, implying that an additional source of ionization must exist. One of the solutions proposed to explain this discrepancy is based on the existence of an unknown low energy (in the range 1 keV-1 MeV, not probed by Voyager) cosmic ray component, called carrot when first hypothesized by Reeves and collabora"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.04912","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ubrg+e+cmVHEKnFFAJgs/XOu/qkPRJqs+viYA3avYQBbuur1ruBY2VohrAHIdnAgc0b+LSo2JFJz1McHFEKFBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T03:21:41.818822Z"},"content_sha256":"b68228aff0664c292888200b10d35becba80bcd06d81f7a57605f14196a9ddc0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b68228aff0664c292888200b10d35becba80bcd06d81f7a57605f14196a9ddc0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6ZGAHKVGAQYQTS7H63GPULZ53E/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6ZGAHKVGAQYQTS7H63GPULZ53E/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6ZGAHKVGAQYQTS7H63GPULZ53E/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T03:21:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6ZGAHKVGAQYQTS7H63GPULZ53E","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6ZGAHKVGAQYQTS7H63GPULZ53E/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6ZGAHKVGAQYQTS7H63GPULZ53E/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6ZGAHKVGAQYQTS7H63GPULZ53E/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:6ZGAHKVGAQYQTS7H63GPULZ53E","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ce10592bc164f99520f66f56fb6d3e77bd53e6bde746616590c0837b22ea6767","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2019-01-15T16:26:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"c842d16efbe423f15f54c33c5910232b1e9243c8216ce2479089b98e00c55aa6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.04912","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.04912","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.04912v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.04912","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6ZGAHKVGAQYQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6ZGAHKVGAQYQTS7H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6ZGAHKVG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b68228aff0664c292888200b10d35becba80bcd06d81f7a57605f14196a9ddc0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Low energy cosmic rays are the major ionization agents of molecular clouds. However, it has been shown that, if the cosmic ray spectrum measured by Voyager 1 is representative of the whole Galaxy, the predicted ionization rate in diffuse clouds fails to reproduce data by 1-2 orders of magnitude, implying that an additional source of ionization must exist. One of the solutions proposed to explain this discrepancy is based on the existence of an unknown low energy (in the range 1 keV-1 MeV, not probed by Voyager) cosmic ray component, called carrot when first hypothesized by Reeves and collabora","authors_text":"S. Biswas, S. Gabici, S. Recchia, V. H. M. Phan","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2019-01-15T16:26:22Z","title":"Can a cosmic ray carrot explain the ionization level in diffuse molecular clouds?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.04912","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:469cfdc10c557878da22364738bff8340786b00a9cdd5f244987f3ded88be90e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ce10592bc164f99520f66f56fb6d3e77bd53e6bde746616590c0837b22ea6767","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2019-01-15T16:26:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"c842d16efbe423f15f54c33c5910232b1e9243c8216ce2479089b98e00c55aa6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.04912","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f64c03aaa6043109cbe7f6ccfa2f3dd9063b9373e1505b314e9229e09f21315d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f64c03aaa6043109cbe7f6ccfa2f3dd9063b9373e1505b314e9229e09f21315d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:09.236651Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:09.236651Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"RwmXg6Jy3DOgY0fXnOk2bb7YCCySf9woabAQYLqtzrTc9DTBVz1uW1NofBha48pealU3zCoqA5wb+K6YYT5bAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:09.237159Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1901.04912","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:469cfdc10c557878da22364738bff8340786b00a9cdd5f244987f3ded88be90e","sha256:b68228aff0664c292888200b10d35becba80bcd06d81f7a57605f14196a9ddc0"],"state_sha256":"49a00e96b08ebb94b334857270fcc3a3a96c22e927248c37b464ca870b8ad12b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XqrF6b8JDC3ZlFg16k5otdwfqKLxvK2aPSIVu9mpNMtErhyTEW60K7ra2GCCtFRY7tuJBukTCbqZmUMLxWTcBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T03:21:41.821834Z","bundle_sha256":"9f6d67441f8a4798a058e100eacaadeb5c346a7b4529b26aece32191431e7da3"}}