{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:72FULVZFAM4O25FWKG35QVZJ7N","short_pith_number":"pith:72FULVZF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.19364","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-05-25T23:28:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"388b5895c6d6ccd7f42f5e4e889ceefaf4542e608e7d34992079b791b932c327","abstract_canon_sha256":"f3e645957ec8a46a0c5254859423cd35f8e756c21190c89e448f8dc9ec91999e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fe8b45d7250338ed74b651b7d85729fb626bc06b3b91d1136f1337ed364f78e4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2505.19364","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.19364","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.19364v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.19364","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"72FULVZFAM4O","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"72FULVZFAM4O25FW","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"72FULVZF","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:72FULVZFAM4O25FWKG35QVZJ7N","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.19364","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-05-25T23:28:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"388b5895c6d6ccd7f42f5e4e889ceefaf4542e608e7d34992079b791b932c327","abstract_canon_sha256":"f3e645957ec8a46a0c5254859423cd35f8e756c21190c89e448f8dc9ec91999e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fe8b45d7250338ed74b651b7d85729fb626bc06b3b91d1136f1337ed364f78e4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29.131800Z","signature_b64":"JCgyj8daY1CC/4vPzwxePalOApXTQsEq37o8paz/vPeKw8486ChPsrRYQ9EEud+xa3kb6H9ImtZvEHs+qHF6Bg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"fe8b45d7250338ed74b651b7d85729fb626bc06b3b91d1136f1337ed364f78e4","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29.131381Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29.131381Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2505.19364","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VMs7PSLdnQ2+uo0xSVh5MC+wK8PidoKzyo9JHUQofSWcNLMfXP7oLWmX1N5E7ch7/gnejjAKcBlanXDHOX2KCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T05:58:01.406511Z"},"content_sha256":"5a0f671fc7a35cf132052dbe1cf4632a940da05d75b4811bc5732b0ca1e01b3b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5a0f671fc7a35cf132052dbe1cf4632a940da05d75b4811bc5732b0ca1e01b3b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:72FULVZFAM4O25FWKG35QVZJ7N","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"RADEP: A Resilient Adaptive Defense Framework Against Model Extraction Attacks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Abdul Rahman, Alison Hu, Amit Chakraborty, Edward Bowen, Kevin Choi, Sachin Shetty, Sandip Roy, Sayyed Farid Ahamed, Soumya Banerjee","submitted_at":"2025-05-25T23:28:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) enables users to leverage powerful machine learning models through cloud-based APIs, offering scalability and ease of deployment. However, these services are vulnerable to model extraction attacks, where adversaries repeatedly query the application programming interface (API) to reconstruct a functionally similar model, compromising intellectual property and security. Despite various defense strategies being proposed, many suffer from high computational costs, limited adaptability to evolving attack techniques, and a reduction in performance for legitimate"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.19364","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2505.19364/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WL9vuETZqMfhgqtE1aP3xaB6DecdhsdVddEcQRN2uJ2gIOPHIiadrR2rhWeHCXTENPorRsvkHncJmwbpvjSbDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T05:58:01.407189Z"},"content_sha256":"d123d4ed482bf47a73d709830edbdd98c6760424e4e1c5ab8844eed6e518e30e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d123d4ed482bf47a73d709830edbdd98c6760424e4e1c5ab8844eed6e518e30e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/72FULVZFAM4O25FWKG35QVZJ7N/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/72FULVZFAM4O25FWKG35QVZJ7N/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/72FULVZFAM4O25FWKG35QVZJ7N/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T05:58:01Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/72FULVZFAM4O25FWKG35QVZJ7N","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/72FULVZFAM4O25FWKG35QVZJ7N/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/72FULVZFAM4O25FWKG35QVZJ7N/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/72FULVZFAM4O25FWKG35QVZJ7N/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:72FULVZFAM4O25FWKG35QVZJ7N","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f3e645957ec8a46a0c5254859423cd35f8e756c21190c89e448f8dc9ec91999e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-05-25T23:28:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"388b5895c6d6ccd7f42f5e4e889ceefaf4542e608e7d34992079b791b932c327"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.19364","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.19364","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.19364v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.19364","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"72FULVZFAM4O","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"72FULVZFAM4O25FW","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"72FULVZF","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d123d4ed482bf47a73d709830edbdd98c6760424e4e1c5ab8844eed6e518e30e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2505.19364/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) enables users to leverage powerful machine learning models through cloud-based APIs, offering scalability and ease of deployment. However, these services are vulnerable to model extraction attacks, where adversaries repeatedly query the application programming interface (API) to reconstruct a functionally similar model, compromising intellectual property and security. Despite various defense strategies being proposed, many suffer from high computational costs, limited adaptability to evolving attack techniques, and a reduction in performance for legitimate","authors_text":"Abdul Rahman, Alison Hu, Amit Chakraborty, Edward Bowen, Kevin Choi, Sachin Shetty, Sandip Roy, Sayyed Farid Ahamed, Soumya Banerjee","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-05-25T23:28:05Z","title":"RADEP: A Resilient Adaptive Defense Framework Against Model Extraction Attacks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.19364","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5a0f671fc7a35cf132052dbe1cf4632a940da05d75b4811bc5732b0ca1e01b3b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f3e645957ec8a46a0c5254859423cd35f8e756c21190c89e448f8dc9ec91999e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-05-25T23:28:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"388b5895c6d6ccd7f42f5e4e889ceefaf4542e608e7d34992079b791b932c327"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.19364","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"fe8b45d7250338ed74b651b7d85729fb626bc06b3b91d1136f1337ed364f78e4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"fe8b45d7250338ed74b651b7d85729fb626bc06b3b91d1136f1337ed364f78e4","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29.131381Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29.131381Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JCgyj8daY1CC/4vPzwxePalOApXTQsEq37o8paz/vPeKw8486ChPsrRYQ9EEud+xa3kb6H9ImtZvEHs+qHF6Bg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:09:29.131800Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2505.19364","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5a0f671fc7a35cf132052dbe1cf4632a940da05d75b4811bc5732b0ca1e01b3b","sha256:d123d4ed482bf47a73d709830edbdd98c6760424e4e1c5ab8844eed6e518e30e"],"state_sha256":"ad7cf7f29d5f280b14f705a055a4a110c2e0c077f8598b1f8e05f2e733313387"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"46iM8XtP20tAB/1DA1Ez9ZQljymtjjcg4LGSqst42Y3dHcTFFtbU9+vMskUKNPgJS6SPFDnIXIXqfw4y4CwNCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T05:58:01.410523Z","bundle_sha256":"8c961ad2c46ecfc9a0666b7558ef786221ae45979cce7b6233a6f6d681c85522"}}