{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:756DHLNCODOHSDHNZFSMWJGNEO","short_pith_number":"pith:756DHLNC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.11175","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2023-12-18T13:20:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"42bfb130d07a72575c6732f44ea39652169f32531e5bb02de80ab1222a436f60","abstract_canon_sha256":"e223faf28385d91a5a42384ecfc5e5cfc0a2365d2d99542a377c603f07523799"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ff7c33ada270dc790cedc964cb24cd23b35aebb3af636472a9bac1a19c72efa9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2312.11175","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.11175","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.11175v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.11175","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"756DHLNCODOH","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"756DHLNCODOHSDHN","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"756DHLNC","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:756DHLNCODOHSDHNZFSMWJGNEO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.11175","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2023-12-18T13:20:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"42bfb130d07a72575c6732f44ea39652169f32531e5bb02de80ab1222a436f60","abstract_canon_sha256":"e223faf28385d91a5a42384ecfc5e5cfc0a2365d2d99542a377c603f07523799"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ff7c33ada270dc790cedc964cb24cd23b35aebb3af636472a9bac1a19c72efa9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29.300092Z","signature_b64":"dGAip1CZS16ix9SXC/EkxZRSMPxpvoB/Iwg0ym1KeGf8uP/CeTS6wkcPw6LrJyu8xTDoHlCNUQdA+q3JjT/5Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ff7c33ada270dc790cedc964cb24cd23b35aebb3af636472a9bac1a19c72efa9","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29.299627Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29.299627Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2312.11175","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Ao4AAZ3WCQaf5iEOjpkuJEtQ6S24ZRMA+6DPMRPA8AyB61ff07hPnEr2HtUFsa2e9TmPmU1+UHHLWu3G6EvvAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T07:58:06.929000Z"},"content_sha256":"1a1423b0585ca2f1151ba477756b7ab25ecdd39b3a811e5cde7f00fc9a3d3309","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1a1423b0585ca2f1151ba477756b7ab25ecdd39b3a811e5cde7f00fc9a3d3309"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:756DHLNCODOHSDHNZFSMWJGNEO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Radar Classification of Vehicles Using a Ground-Reflection Model","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"eess.SP","authors_text":"Dominik Zoeke, Reinhard Stolle, S\\\"oren Kohnert","submitted_at":"2023-12-18T13:20:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"Classification of road users is important for traffic monitoring. The usability of a height estimate based on the two-ray ground-reflection model as a feature for the classification of vehicles is analyzed in this paper. The four-ray ground-reflection model for fast chirp ramp sequence waveforms of FMCW radars is derived and simplified to the well-known two-ray ground-reflection model. A spectrum from which the height of a target can be derived is obtained using the Lomb-Scargle periodogram. Measurements with two vehicle classes illustrate the approach and show that the model could be used as "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.11175","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2312.11175/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"A9vLH9oXYEKkpu3fO/qxWAFpGo1bBgf4e5kSScFKfkjPzg0ZmtHfROZUJVwjP4NKAcduC6uuTGZp8XBdQ64HCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T07:58:06.929379Z"},"content_sha256":"f87abdfba9363e3f8cbc345916333d7afc44bba0c441a51a3b5bd14ed35f3399","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f87abdfba9363e3f8cbc345916333d7afc44bba0c441a51a3b5bd14ed35f3399"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/756DHLNCODOHSDHNZFSMWJGNEO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/756DHLNCODOHSDHNZFSMWJGNEO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/756DHLNCODOHSDHNZFSMWJGNEO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T07:58:06Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/756DHLNCODOHSDHNZFSMWJGNEO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/756DHLNCODOHSDHNZFSMWJGNEO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/756DHLNCODOHSDHNZFSMWJGNEO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/756DHLNCODOHSDHNZFSMWJGNEO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:756DHLNCODOHSDHNZFSMWJGNEO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e223faf28385d91a5a42384ecfc5e5cfc0a2365d2d99542a377c603f07523799","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2023-12-18T13:20:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"42bfb130d07a72575c6732f44ea39652169f32531e5bb02de80ab1222a436f60"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.11175","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.11175","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.11175v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.11175","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"756DHLNCODOH","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"756DHLNCODOHSDHN","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"756DHLNC","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f87abdfba9363e3f8cbc345916333d7afc44bba0c441a51a3b5bd14ed35f3399","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2312.11175/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Classification of road users is important for traffic monitoring. The usability of a height estimate based on the two-ray ground-reflection model as a feature for the classification of vehicles is analyzed in this paper. The four-ray ground-reflection model for fast chirp ramp sequence waveforms of FMCW radars is derived and simplified to the well-known two-ray ground-reflection model. A spectrum from which the height of a target can be derived is obtained using the Lomb-Scargle periodogram. Measurements with two vehicle classes illustrate the approach and show that the model could be used as ","authors_text":"Dominik Zoeke, Reinhard Stolle, S\\\"oren Kohnert","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2023-12-18T13:20:56Z","title":"Radar Classification of Vehicles Using a Ground-Reflection Model"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.11175","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1a1423b0585ca2f1151ba477756b7ab25ecdd39b3a811e5cde7f00fc9a3d3309","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e223faf28385d91a5a42384ecfc5e5cfc0a2365d2d99542a377c603f07523799","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2023-12-18T13:20:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"42bfb130d07a72575c6732f44ea39652169f32531e5bb02de80ab1222a436f60"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.11175","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ff7c33ada270dc790cedc964cb24cd23b35aebb3af636472a9bac1a19c72efa9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ff7c33ada270dc790cedc964cb24cd23b35aebb3af636472a9bac1a19c72efa9","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29.299627Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29.299627Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"dGAip1CZS16ix9SXC/EkxZRSMPxpvoB/Iwg0ym1KeGf8uP/CeTS6wkcPw6LrJyu8xTDoHlCNUQdA+q3JjT/5Ag==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:29.300092Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2312.11175","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1a1423b0585ca2f1151ba477756b7ab25ecdd39b3a811e5cde7f00fc9a3d3309","sha256:f87abdfba9363e3f8cbc345916333d7afc44bba0c441a51a3b5bd14ed35f3399"],"state_sha256":"f2043b17fe6653a7934d30cb6a1c57f2b011539a886e8903e49ef4c89c8ffb63"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3u9CY1tidUc6DRNgMNx5sO4dC37wygO6LTQ62gUOQ4/EmJLBty/9aPAOEKfXxv/Ps+rAP5n2UbkXCo4UX/kqCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T07:58:06.931569Z","bundle_sha256":"5ecd867addb1c7145a3ace2d1c71685a8e30d00471d7e3a68047fd7b34f6e9da"}}