{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:75J2VNPTHDVWWSZJCZ4OJSD6FH","short_pith_number":"pith:75J2VNPT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.10846","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2021-10-21T01:23:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"fdd6f172d5499e6ce9b182019ead4fbc42a5274f16abf853d78f095b11ac431a","abstract_canon_sha256":"c7db0cbab10d56983281acf5cc6101f7ceca15d840dd198bd0bc138864db88e7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ff53aab5f338eb6b4b291678e4c87e29cc5620e58e116a7d973ec347e143cdab","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2110.10846","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.10846","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.10846v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.10846","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"75J2VNPTHDVW","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"75J2VNPTHDVWWSZJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"75J2VNPT","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:75J2VNPTHDVWWSZJCZ4OJSD6FH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.10846","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2021-10-21T01:23:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"fdd6f172d5499e6ce9b182019ead4fbc42a5274f16abf853d78f095b11ac431a","abstract_canon_sha256":"c7db0cbab10d56983281acf5cc6101f7ceca15d840dd198bd0bc138864db88e7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ff53aab5f338eb6b4b291678e4c87e29cc5620e58e116a7d973ec347e143cdab","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32.436211Z","signature_b64":"q03UF/BSs1Y/zVHYUHZiDTPHHtp0iNIkRx9yqDLABdzBJmMGBVOuaY7/B3D2cImep4RTj3jaQgj6rEqIw4IDCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ff53aab5f338eb6b4b291678e4c87e29cc5620e58e116a7d973ec347e143cdab","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32.435707Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32.435707Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2110.10846","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZRjg4ETTASMicZwqb88vrc8VPxvG+Q9uo2R/Mh6RCg8+jAtimnDmZfdf4HLWa/9RnFWQGGFu1BcmTMbLiDK9Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-01T05:58:53.080950Z"},"content_sha256":"f2dd10753df4b8b6bff8bad38c19f546b5c5d14b5e3602a15201730cc3dbeddf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f2dd10753df4b8b6bff8bad38c19f546b5c5d14b5e3602a15201730cc3dbeddf"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:75J2VNPTHDVWWSZJCZ4OJSD6FH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Merger rate density of binary black holes through isolated Population I, II, III and extremely metal-poor binary star evolution","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Alessandro A. Trani, Ataru Tanikawa, Hajime Susa, Kazuyuki Omukai, Takashi Hosokawa, Takashi Yoshida, Tomoya Kinugawa","submitted_at":"2021-10-21T01:23:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the formation of merging binary black holes (BHs) through isolated binary evolution, performing binary population synthesis calculations covering an unprecedentedly wide metallicity range of Population (Pop) I, II, III, and extremely metal-poor (EMP) binary stars. We find that the predicted merger rate density and primary BH mass ($m_1$) distribution are consistent with the gravitational wave (GW) observations. Notably, Pop III and EMP ($< 10^{-2}$ $Z_\\odot$) binary stars yield most of the pair instability (PI) mass gap events with $m_1 = 65$--$130$ $M_\\odot$. Pop III binary sta"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.10846","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2110.10846/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cHm1qqvPebV5cT3yjE3xv3EGpVEaYflIEM8RNPuq5fwgxhc1wk1tjuviAKIDRrnY+Nc0fEAqpTLGV9UhPF+2Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-01T05:58:53.081862Z"},"content_sha256":"c20e15ede21a2a17412298bd97b4aaca93eb467a1e27ac082ad306d9fc39b6e0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c20e15ede21a2a17412298bd97b4aaca93eb467a1e27ac082ad306d9fc39b6e0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/75J2VNPTHDVWWSZJCZ4OJSD6FH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/75J2VNPTHDVWWSZJCZ4OJSD6FH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/75J2VNPTHDVWWSZJCZ4OJSD6FH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-01T05:58:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/75J2VNPTHDVWWSZJCZ4OJSD6FH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/75J2VNPTHDVWWSZJCZ4OJSD6FH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/75J2VNPTHDVWWSZJCZ4OJSD6FH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/75J2VNPTHDVWWSZJCZ4OJSD6FH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:75J2VNPTHDVWWSZJCZ4OJSD6FH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c7db0cbab10d56983281acf5cc6101f7ceca15d840dd198bd0bc138864db88e7","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2021-10-21T01:23:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"fdd6f172d5499e6ce9b182019ead4fbc42a5274f16abf853d78f095b11ac431a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.10846","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.10846","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.10846v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.10846","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"75J2VNPTHDVW","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"75J2VNPTHDVWWSZJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"75J2VNPT","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c20e15ede21a2a17412298bd97b4aaca93eb467a1e27ac082ad306d9fc39b6e0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2110.10846/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the formation of merging binary black holes (BHs) through isolated binary evolution, performing binary population synthesis calculations covering an unprecedentedly wide metallicity range of Population (Pop) I, II, III, and extremely metal-poor (EMP) binary stars. We find that the predicted merger rate density and primary BH mass ($m_1$) distribution are consistent with the gravitational wave (GW) observations. Notably, Pop III and EMP ($< 10^{-2}$ $Z_\\odot$) binary stars yield most of the pair instability (PI) mass gap events with $m_1 = 65$--$130$ $M_\\odot$. Pop III binary sta","authors_text":"Alessandro A. Trani, Ataru Tanikawa, Hajime Susa, Kazuyuki Omukai, Takashi Hosokawa, Takashi Yoshida, Tomoya Kinugawa","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2021-10-21T01:23:50Z","title":"Merger rate density of binary black holes through isolated Population I, II, III and extremely metal-poor binary star evolution"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.10846","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f2dd10753df4b8b6bff8bad38c19f546b5c5d14b5e3602a15201730cc3dbeddf","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c7db0cbab10d56983281acf5cc6101f7ceca15d840dd198bd0bc138864db88e7","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2021-10-21T01:23:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"fdd6f172d5499e6ce9b182019ead4fbc42a5274f16abf853d78f095b11ac431a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.10846","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"ff53aab5f338eb6b4b291678e4c87e29cc5620e58e116a7d973ec347e143cdab","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ff53aab5f338eb6b4b291678e4c87e29cc5620e58e116a7d973ec347e143cdab","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32.435707Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32.435707Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"q03UF/BSs1Y/zVHYUHZiDTPHHtp0iNIkRx9yqDLABdzBJmMGBVOuaY7/B3D2cImep4RTj3jaQgj6rEqIw4IDCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:01:32.436211Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2110.10846","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f2dd10753df4b8b6bff8bad38c19f546b5c5d14b5e3602a15201730cc3dbeddf","sha256:c20e15ede21a2a17412298bd97b4aaca93eb467a1e27ac082ad306d9fc39b6e0"],"state_sha256":"86ccb5e9150b5c885206feeaaeec936b6fe400be71e6a457f182e2e913f948ca"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"quLcb01DaycgbhwHcr3TOGgfjl7Xz0e3KmWaIK24tn3nWwZPFt+ItEvaK5YJg2PbbZiM6z/CqmeE03dLvHrZDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-01T05:58:53.086935Z","bundle_sha256":"f3b89c8fe1fad3df1aa55e3164f7c8c15501fc8386073c78cf02ada7772cf53c"}}