{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:75SOKHVPJSYB6BUPKJMCT7MAFC","short_pith_number":"pith:75SOKHVP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.05422","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2018-09-14T13:47:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0f69d8bc846a75279124577cf54b5dd2db682cea4772a00e5cde4e42b7f49305","abstract_canon_sha256":"e56a4cb4e85e436e9f9aba3853179a267abf6ad710de3373a6e68359a7f7ba6f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ff64e51eaf4cb01f068f525829fd80288ac94741ae52ae63f1a8de6881507df3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1809.05422","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.05422","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.05422v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.05422","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"75SOKHVPJSYB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"75SOKHVPJSYB6BUP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"75SOKHVP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:75SOKHVPJSYB6BUPKJMCT7MAFC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.05422","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2018-09-14T13:47:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0f69d8bc846a75279124577cf54b5dd2db682cea4772a00e5cde4e42b7f49305","abstract_canon_sha256":"e56a4cb4e85e436e9f9aba3853179a267abf6ad710de3373a6e68359a7f7ba6f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ff64e51eaf4cb01f068f525829fd80288ac94741ae52ae63f1a8de6881507df3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:41.485859Z","signature_b64":"pWFPMM5blJatZjoZT6euBNe/FK+cZYHHpMUhl9oFQzsKjBvj/WdnyRLam35l3TgAM8Vxjq+RPRMZNul4JA7kBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ff64e51eaf4cb01f068f525829fd80288ac94741ae52ae63f1a8de6881507df3","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:41.485283Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:41.485283Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1809.05422","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nBbxvEkSZwiI3AJry+qQHarHUO1SyV1roUyn8bgPUVn8TfEnKrLO6qz9OFvIVHlFLIepxDJtDOcpEimB0AtkCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T00:17:48.855510Z"},"content_sha256":"dac742c9b484c97a1cea9273337cd4fb62c2aab4e0c812c978e7983b2badf77f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dac742c9b484c97a1cea9273337cd4fb62c2aab4e0c812c978e7983b2badf77f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:75SOKHVPJSYB6BUPKJMCT7MAFC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Marginal Structural Models for Time-varying Endogenous Treatments: A Time-Varying Instrumental Variable Approach","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Eric J Tchetgen Tchetgen, Haben Michael, Yifan Cui","submitted_at":"2018-09-14T13:47:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"Robins (1998) introduced marginal structural models (MSMs), a general class of counterfactual models for the joint effects of time-varying treatment regimes in complex longitudinal studies subject to time-varying confounding. He established identification of MSM parameters under a sequential randomization assumption (SRA), which essentially rules out unmeasured confounding of treatment assignment over time. In this technical report, we consider sufficient conditions for identification of MSM parameters with the aid of a time-varying instrumental variable, when sequential randomization fails to"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.05422","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"136WKAzKFdp5TjckulKhj/tTmwg91KLy7cWN3mq1ps6jnP4G54XOpCYaJmorl4UYy3MsxNgiovJW53mqDvKHDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T00:17:48.856138Z"},"content_sha256":"0ab7b72dbffbc41cbb800145ad62a0805eae18c21bfc07ff6d89b57ab9510bd5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0ab7b72dbffbc41cbb800145ad62a0805eae18c21bfc07ff6d89b57ab9510bd5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/75SOKHVPJSYB6BUPKJMCT7MAFC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/75SOKHVPJSYB6BUPKJMCT7MAFC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/75SOKHVPJSYB6BUPKJMCT7MAFC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T00:17:48Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/75SOKHVPJSYB6BUPKJMCT7MAFC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/75SOKHVPJSYB6BUPKJMCT7MAFC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/75SOKHVPJSYB6BUPKJMCT7MAFC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/75SOKHVPJSYB6BUPKJMCT7MAFC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:75SOKHVPJSYB6BUPKJMCT7MAFC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e56a4cb4e85e436e9f9aba3853179a267abf6ad710de3373a6e68359a7f7ba6f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2018-09-14T13:47:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"0f69d8bc846a75279124577cf54b5dd2db682cea4772a00e5cde4e42b7f49305"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.05422","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.05422","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.05422v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.05422","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"75SOKHVPJSYB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"75SOKHVPJSYB6BUP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"75SOKHVP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0ab7b72dbffbc41cbb800145ad62a0805eae18c21bfc07ff6d89b57ab9510bd5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Robins (1998) introduced marginal structural models (MSMs), a general class of counterfactual models for the joint effects of time-varying treatment regimes in complex longitudinal studies subject to time-varying confounding. He established identification of MSM parameters under a sequential randomization assumption (SRA), which essentially rules out unmeasured confounding of treatment assignment over time. In this technical report, we consider sufficient conditions for identification of MSM parameters with the aid of a time-varying instrumental variable, when sequential randomization fails to","authors_text":"Eric J Tchetgen Tchetgen, Haben Michael, Yifan Cui","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2018-09-14T13:47:47Z","title":"Marginal Structural Models for Time-varying Endogenous Treatments: A Time-Varying Instrumental Variable Approach"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.05422","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:dac742c9b484c97a1cea9273337cd4fb62c2aab4e0c812c978e7983b2badf77f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e56a4cb4e85e436e9f9aba3853179a267abf6ad710de3373a6e68359a7f7ba6f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2018-09-14T13:47:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"0f69d8bc846a75279124577cf54b5dd2db682cea4772a00e5cde4e42b7f49305"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.05422","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ff64e51eaf4cb01f068f525829fd80288ac94741ae52ae63f1a8de6881507df3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ff64e51eaf4cb01f068f525829fd80288ac94741ae52ae63f1a8de6881507df3","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:41.485283Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:41.485283Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"pWFPMM5blJatZjoZT6euBNe/FK+cZYHHpMUhl9oFQzsKjBvj/WdnyRLam35l3TgAM8Vxjq+RPRMZNul4JA7kBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:05:41.485859Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1809.05422","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:dac742c9b484c97a1cea9273337cd4fb62c2aab4e0c812c978e7983b2badf77f","sha256:0ab7b72dbffbc41cbb800145ad62a0805eae18c21bfc07ff6d89b57ab9510bd5"],"state_sha256":"6bb80e1e09b7591565ffae815aada76cdfc32cd8815386eb3a25bda9cbe3e5d6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HEpVfkdLsW6s/n6oWWD2BxQX1ow/FB7qinfbcCYw5I+Km+in0FcmBwGna+sHTPFvTNXp8EqfQkoG/jfyetHuAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T00:17:48.859577Z","bundle_sha256":"d37ef3934805cbe46a708f4c2d0e5713f7bd764a9c1f342aacbe1a5b5ae2a24e"}}