{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:76CDK4YF4OAKH6P3WTLYVFAQB3","short_pith_number":"pith:76CDK4YF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2012.12060","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2020-12-22T14:51:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.GT","cs.IT","econ.TH","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"1fcf2443be633cb0055a8bd4e885bb79ce5990abd19a1fddc1291b5bd2eebca1","abstract_canon_sha256":"401878ab5f92fa10b08672e49d95a0346b44357ea38fc027d36bcbc95052c998"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ff84357305e380a3f9fbb4d78a94100eeccafc2ec20035e0b6a0a26df931b2ab","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2012.12060","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2012.12060","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2012.12060v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2012.12060","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"76CDK4YF4OAK","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"76CDK4YF4OAKH6P3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"76CDK4YF","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:76CDK4YF4OAKH6P3WTLYVFAQB3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2012.12060","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2020-12-22T14:51:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.GT","cs.IT","econ.TH","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"1fcf2443be633cb0055a8bd4e885bb79ce5990abd19a1fddc1291b5bd2eebca1","abstract_canon_sha256":"401878ab5f92fa10b08672e49d95a0346b44357ea38fc027d36bcbc95052c998"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ff84357305e380a3f9fbb4d78a94100eeccafc2ec20035e0b6a0a26df931b2ab","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36.457707Z","signature_b64":"3Cg9KJ+wMNenQ2rUUpNgGIq0MFqLJT6675KQ37611UmmDL8EVC8SEnSoCYHInLYQK2RBB61CEFpVqvjRf6ThAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ff84357305e380a3f9fbb4d78a94100eeccafc2ec20035e0b6a0a26df931b2ab","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36.457199Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36.457199Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2012.12060","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"u7BRIXfb+k2IZyRlUhOou7Gj85atn/cs8ACCBsGgRL/8lXTD7UZsHoIncVK7eq3nsyK871mVFN67GqwvOmUnCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T17:18:52.606256Z"},"content_sha256":"cf8d32dc9cb24464f5343347bff31d268dbcdd10d4bb72bda5fda8b167927091","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cf8d32dc9cb24464f5343347bff31d268dbcdd10d4bb72bda5fda8b167927091"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:76CDK4YF4OAKH6P3WTLYVFAQB3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Information Leakage Games: Exploring Information as a Utility Function","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.GT","cs.IT","econ.TH","math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Catuscia Palamidessi, Konstantinos Chatzikokolakis, M\\'ario S. Alvim, Yusuke Kawamoto","submitted_at":"2020-12-22T14:51:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"A common goal in the areas of secure information flow and privacy is to build effective defenses against unwanted leakage of information. To this end, one must be able to reason about potential attacks and their interplay with possible defenses. In this paper, we propose a game-theoretic framework to formalize strategies of attacker and defender in the context of information leakage, and provide a basis for developing optimal defense methods. A novelty of our games is that their utility is given by information leakage, which in some cases may behave in a non-linear way. This causes a significa"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2012.12060","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2012.12060/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8dgpXLGGIblE8DVbeMpJmGby38bPwwlaO4I+dVMWah2SoUGbbClK1sYOwYdxQVxUTi/6SeEeR1WwaqEX69UwCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T17:18:52.606840Z"},"content_sha256":"e253177262dd219e6f8e4cfc3822edf5ecf332b597031a8db301934d344dee7d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e253177262dd219e6f8e4cfc3822edf5ecf332b597031a8db301934d344dee7d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/76CDK4YF4OAKH6P3WTLYVFAQB3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/76CDK4YF4OAKH6P3WTLYVFAQB3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/76CDK4YF4OAKH6P3WTLYVFAQB3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-15T17:18:52Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/76CDK4YF4OAKH6P3WTLYVFAQB3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/76CDK4YF4OAKH6P3WTLYVFAQB3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/76CDK4YF4OAKH6P3WTLYVFAQB3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/76CDK4YF4OAKH6P3WTLYVFAQB3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:76CDK4YF4OAKH6P3WTLYVFAQB3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"401878ab5f92fa10b08672e49d95a0346b44357ea38fc027d36bcbc95052c998","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.GT","cs.IT","econ.TH","math.IT"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2020-12-22T14:51:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"1fcf2443be633cb0055a8bd4e885bb79ce5990abd19a1fddc1291b5bd2eebca1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2012.12060","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2012.12060","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2012.12060v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2012.12060","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"76CDK4YF4OAK","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"76CDK4YF4OAKH6P3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"76CDK4YF","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e253177262dd219e6f8e4cfc3822edf5ecf332b597031a8db301934d344dee7d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2012.12060/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A common goal in the areas of secure information flow and privacy is to build effective defenses against unwanted leakage of information. To this end, one must be able to reason about potential attacks and their interplay with possible defenses. In this paper, we propose a game-theoretic framework to formalize strategies of attacker and defender in the context of information leakage, and provide a basis for developing optimal defense methods. A novelty of our games is that their utility is given by information leakage, which in some cases may behave in a non-linear way. This causes a significa","authors_text":"Catuscia Palamidessi, Konstantinos Chatzikokolakis, M\\'ario S. Alvim, Yusuke Kawamoto","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.GT","cs.IT","econ.TH","math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2020-12-22T14:51:30Z","title":"Information Leakage Games: Exploring Information as a Utility Function"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2012.12060","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cf8d32dc9cb24464f5343347bff31d268dbcdd10d4bb72bda5fda8b167927091","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"401878ab5f92fa10b08672e49d95a0346b44357ea38fc027d36bcbc95052c998","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.GT","cs.IT","econ.TH","math.IT"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2020-12-22T14:51:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"1fcf2443be633cb0055a8bd4e885bb79ce5990abd19a1fddc1291b5bd2eebca1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2012.12060","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"ff84357305e380a3f9fbb4d78a94100eeccafc2ec20035e0b6a0a26df931b2ab","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ff84357305e380a3f9fbb4d78a94100eeccafc2ec20035e0b6a0a26df931b2ab","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36.457199Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36.457199Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"3Cg9KJ+wMNenQ2rUUpNgGIq0MFqLJT6675KQ37611UmmDL8EVC8SEnSoCYHInLYQK2RBB61CEFpVqvjRf6ThAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:14:36.457707Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2012.12060","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cf8d32dc9cb24464f5343347bff31d268dbcdd10d4bb72bda5fda8b167927091","sha256:e253177262dd219e6f8e4cfc3822edf5ecf332b597031a8db301934d344dee7d"],"state_sha256":"6635ead4b727a3644fd3c6c53700a1855c36342d6515181643aeeb771bd8b83c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tPO0oBH9TEav0/kpoMH9zfC3yPSTNLnGrGB6+leJugm0LgeGMUY1A7gynmg//p6MYpwoPx6Y0Zhl+OFNgJdLBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T17:18:52.610629Z","bundle_sha256":"aa34622de96317d2c769449bdbe2cd796f42f038eac92d830143eba602b4a242"}}