{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2015:76IDDPUYJYPFUX3PDXB67UFWLQ","short_pith_number":"pith:76IDDPUY","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"ff9031be984e1e5a5f6f1dc3efd0b65c1877c321aa54749a194283a72edd0bd9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1509.08158","version":3},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Handicap principle implies emergence of dimorphic mating displays","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.DS","nlin.AO","physics.bio-ph"],"primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","authors_text":"Daniel M. Abrams, Rosemary I. Braun, Sara M. Clifton","submitted_at":"2015-09-27T22:35:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"Species spanning the animal kingdom have evolved extravagant and costly ornaments to attract mating partners. Zahavi's handicap principle offers an elegant explanation for this: ornaments signal individual quality, and must be costly to ensure honest signalling, making mate selection more efficient. Here we incorporate the assumptions of the handicap principle into a mathematical model and show that they are sufficient to explain the heretofore puzzling observation of bimodally distributed ornament sizes in a variety of species."},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1509.08158","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","submitted_at":"2015-09-27T22:35:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.DS","nlin.AO","physics.bio-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"6718e80268a4b7048bf0fc459b0cfb3e1f8332450db34a677a86d7c1cb1d2d57","abstract_canon_sha256":"5b83724409db55817de9edf7483a582501138801c30088163a7c04e6ab601faf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:06.552171Z","signature_b64":"CZO5FBWalN2D4fVMEjtPjDI7/xDOwm1dhgRPmsVajDLdvh8FP+dfZ+ty371vKLEwOcevnx6pa1YUfGxyJlwlAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ff9031be984e1e5a5f6f1dc3efd0b65c1877c321aa54749a194283a72edd0bd9","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:06.551533Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:06.551533Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Handicap principle implies emergence of dimorphic mating displays","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.DS","nlin.AO","physics.bio-ph"],"primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","authors_text":"Daniel M. Abrams, Rosemary I. Braun, Sara M. Clifton","submitted_at":"2015-09-27T22:35:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"Species spanning the animal kingdom have evolved extravagant and costly ornaments to attract mating partners. Zahavi's handicap principle offers an elegant explanation for this: ornaments signal individual quality, and must be costly to ensure honest signalling, making mate selection more efficient. Here we incorporate the assumptions of the handicap principle into a mathematical model and show that they are sufficient to explain the heretofore puzzling observation of bimodally distributed ornament sizes in a variety of species."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1509.08158","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1509.08158","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:06.551632+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1509.08158v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:06.551632+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1509.08158","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:06.551632+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"76IDDPUYJYPF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:07.941421+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"76IDDPUYJYPFUX3P","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:07.941421+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"76IDDPUY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:07.941421+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/76IDDPUYJYPFUX3PDXB67UFWLQ","json":"https://pith.science/pith/76IDDPUYJYPFUX3PDXB67UFWLQ.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/76IDDPUYJYPFUX3PDXB67UFWLQ/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/76IDDPUYJYPFUX3PDXB67UFWLQ/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/76IDDPUY"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/76IDDPUYJYPFUX3PDXB67UFWLQ","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/76IDDPUYJYPFUX3PDXB67UFWLQ.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/76IDDPUY","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1509.08158&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/76IDDPUYJYPFUX3PDXB67UFWLQ/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/76IDDPUYJYPFUX3PDXB67UFWLQ/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/76IDDPUYJYPFUX3PDXB67UFWLQ/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/76IDDPUYJYPFUX3PDXB67UFWLQ/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/76IDDPUYJYPFUX3PDXB67UFWLQ/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/76IDDPUYJYPFUX3PDXB67UFWLQ/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/76IDDPUYJYPFUX3PDXB67UFWLQ/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:06.551632+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T00:56:06.551632+00:00"}