{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:76SK5XTUV5565GIFVLGJRP4RLZ","short_pith_number":"pith:76SK5XTU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1608.06677","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2016-08-24T00:55:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4ffb08d5e3ff20b2189f321fb7b084f6de77b2dafc1363d70e09a38bb9e4bc14","abstract_canon_sha256":"d500f64ad9c11f5d1c4d57de10221b37751cee92c682096e7dddacaba53fd95b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ffa4aede74af7bee9905aacc98bf915e66a9834090f08887bc0be443acf6bc3f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1608.06677","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1608.06677","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1608.06677v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1608.06677","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"76SK5XTUV556","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"76SK5XTUV5565GIF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"76SK5XTU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:76SK5XTUV5565GIFVLGJRP4RLZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1608.06677","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2016-08-24T00:55:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4ffb08d5e3ff20b2189f321fb7b084f6de77b2dafc1363d70e09a38bb9e4bc14","abstract_canon_sha256":"d500f64ad9c11f5d1c4d57de10221b37751cee92c682096e7dddacaba53fd95b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ffa4aede74af7bee9905aacc98bf915e66a9834090f08887bc0be443acf6bc3f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:08.746777Z","signature_b64":"yT3RqBhfvDIAcgGH49c4wFCixT2VDl3WbLls0XsgJiW9x3+I78DoIPr99nGLlwtU4xoTzzDBaGSqd3FTSPUYDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ffa4aede74af7bee9905aacc98bf915e66a9834090f08887bc0be443acf6bc3f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:08.746309Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:08.746309Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1608.06677","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aohd9wfFsGFQ+SIttX5zf9tPED7shXncfEy/bfCsGZDwlHzasdHj9MTNcDgfgfK/KyFIpYKZI/j7eMYFwEQnDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T16:34:03.378025Z"},"content_sha256":"67982d7c5489fddf9f957c4084771f9d647df9e80c734620c94e64f2999523b4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:67982d7c5489fddf9f957c4084771f9d647df9e80c734620c94e64f2999523b4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:76SK5XTUV5565GIFVLGJRP4RLZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The cost of not having a perfect reference in diagnostic accuracy studies: theoretical results and a web visualisation tool","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.AP","authors_text":"Ana Subtil, Ant\\'onio Pacheco, Maria Ros\\'ario Oliveira","submitted_at":"2016-08-24T00:55:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"Dichotomous diagnostic tests are widely used to detect the presence or absence of a biomedical condition of interest. A rigorous evaluation of the accuracy of a diagnostic test is critical to determine its practical value. Performance measures, such as the sensitivity and specificity of the test, should be estimated by comparison with a gold standard. Since an error-free reference test is frequently missing, approaches based on available imperfect diagnostic tests are used, namely: comparisons with an imperfect gold standard or with a composite reference standard, discrepant analysis, and late"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1608.06677","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"B4dMxbJyCPjh2oboLH7cX5SAYDErGit8cSsDFMSkCupwRbWX1uhYjDG25PQtYcueMv7JUb0QplQZ4WMWVho7CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T16:34:03.378759Z"},"content_sha256":"aa1109855f7a20790e85b13b1ddc0b59fe8c5ea0741f1a3d19f2be3d76d0607a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:aa1109855f7a20790e85b13b1ddc0b59fe8c5ea0741f1a3d19f2be3d76d0607a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/76SK5XTUV5565GIFVLGJRP4RLZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/76SK5XTUV5565GIFVLGJRP4RLZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/76SK5XTUV5565GIFVLGJRP4RLZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-11T16:34:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/76SK5XTUV5565GIFVLGJRP4RLZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/76SK5XTUV5565GIFVLGJRP4RLZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/76SK5XTUV5565GIFVLGJRP4RLZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/76SK5XTUV5565GIFVLGJRP4RLZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:76SK5XTUV5565GIFVLGJRP4RLZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d500f64ad9c11f5d1c4d57de10221b37751cee92c682096e7dddacaba53fd95b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2016-08-24T00:55:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"4ffb08d5e3ff20b2189f321fb7b084f6de77b2dafc1363d70e09a38bb9e4bc14"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.06677","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1608.06677","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1608.06677v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1608.06677","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"76SK5XTUV556","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"76SK5XTUV5565GIF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"76SK5XTU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:aa1109855f7a20790e85b13b1ddc0b59fe8c5ea0741f1a3d19f2be3d76d0607a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Dichotomous diagnostic tests are widely used to detect the presence or absence of a biomedical condition of interest. A rigorous evaluation of the accuracy of a diagnostic test is critical to determine its practical value. Performance measures, such as the sensitivity and specificity of the test, should be estimated by comparison with a gold standard. Since an error-free reference test is frequently missing, approaches based on available imperfect diagnostic tests are used, namely: comparisons with an imperfect gold standard or with a composite reference standard, discrepant analysis, and late","authors_text":"Ana Subtil, Ant\\'onio Pacheco, Maria Ros\\'ario Oliveira","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2016-08-24T00:55:24Z","title":"The cost of not having a perfect reference in diagnostic accuracy studies: theoretical results and a web visualisation tool"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1608.06677","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:67982d7c5489fddf9f957c4084771f9d647df9e80c734620c94e64f2999523b4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d500f64ad9c11f5d1c4d57de10221b37751cee92c682096e7dddacaba53fd95b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.AP","submitted_at":"2016-08-24T00:55:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"4ffb08d5e3ff20b2189f321fb7b084f6de77b2dafc1363d70e09a38bb9e4bc14"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.06677","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"ffa4aede74af7bee9905aacc98bf915e66a9834090f08887bc0be443acf6bc3f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ffa4aede74af7bee9905aacc98bf915e66a9834090f08887bc0be443acf6bc3f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:08.746309Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:08.746309Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"yT3RqBhfvDIAcgGH49c4wFCixT2VDl3WbLls0XsgJiW9x3+I78DoIPr99nGLlwtU4xoTzzDBaGSqd3FTSPUYDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:08.746777Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1608.06677","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:67982d7c5489fddf9f957c4084771f9d647df9e80c734620c94e64f2999523b4","sha256:aa1109855f7a20790e85b13b1ddc0b59fe8c5ea0741f1a3d19f2be3d76d0607a"],"state_sha256":"cdf441005c3c7d4cc9d591e07b512263d9f8ecedfb87653c55f54a3db42d26f3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"v9X3gfHMCjCxfZg+o7s4IoYLRCrU1zBn24PAXO5I82LJyTx5eZG7MgStbTu9/e98sn6zSld8o1wtYKVHlTwFBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T16:34:03.382833Z","bundle_sha256":"f1f52a704671440eb76260ffa720ea03980e384109c0601e4d0257bda4460a87"}}