{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:76X6UUTYCPWQPPJFHAAS5ODXZ7","short_pith_number":"pith:76X6UUTY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1902.01147","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-02-04T12:23:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","eess.IV","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"f6e9eee681e2610dc0e874c5ceb6c95ed7fd252480c811ef03747b1ee068cfd5","abstract_canon_sha256":"03ead3632ed1ef8292c3ac8a80a7475fe611fce6dbeef5e2ebe4d082470f8527"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ffafea527813ed07bd2538012eb877cfdf9402fa84219262b760857ac1912a91","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1902.01147","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1902.01147","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1902.01147v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1902.01147","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"76X6UUTYCPWQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"76X6UUTYCPWQPPJF","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"76X6UUTY","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:76X6UUTYCPWQPPJFHAAS5ODXZ7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1902.01147","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-02-04T12:23:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","eess.IV","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"f6e9eee681e2610dc0e874c5ceb6c95ed7fd252480c811ef03747b1ee068cfd5","abstract_canon_sha256":"03ead3632ed1ef8292c3ac8a80a7475fe611fce6dbeef5e2ebe4d082470f8527"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ffafea527813ed07bd2538012eb877cfdf9402fa84219262b760857ac1912a91","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58.401459Z","signature_b64":"5dOfP7LQWUMjr1b1q87TSwRo31uKpdQLbMSFYiItwkL5CMJpSVN9NVkThs0C6x+wD6xX5mMPJnbqI3A9AvydBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ffafea527813ed07bd2538012eb877cfdf9402fa84219262b760857ac1912a91","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58.400993Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58.400993Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1902.01147","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+vZQhKydKMVs7rqFzchQZVlQpIKnnPAlUqMnD6X4xkYsFIrlRUdmKsMSaxZnpHmVOucYG3tI2j6lQ+8RfvfaBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T13:53:37.576407Z"},"content_sha256":"98e92c38f6e49a612f840be8f8de4ee39777f0b75c47710ff77de8111a2a57bf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:98e92c38f6e49a612f840be8f8de4ee39777f0b75c47710ff77de8111a2a57bf"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:76X6UUTYCPWQPPJFHAAS5ODXZ7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Is Spiking Secure? A Comparative Study on the Security Vulnerabilities of Spiking and Deep Neural Networks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR","eess.IV","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Alberto Marchisio, Faiq Khalid, Giorgio Nanfa, Maurizio Martina, Muhammad Abdullah Hanif, Muhammad Shafique","submitted_at":"2019-02-04T12:23:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) claim to present many advantages in terms of biological plausibility and energy efficiency compared to standard Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Recent works have shown that DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, i.e., small perturbations added to the input data can lead to targeted or random misclassifications. In this paper, we aim at investigating the key research question: ``Are SNNs secure?'' Towards this, we perform a comparative study of the security vulnerabilities in SNNs and DNNs w.r.t. the adversarial noise. Afterwards, we propose a novel black-box at"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1902.01147","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1902.01147/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"65NiNeoQeEywqSQ1Dr9QKEUTvg7YACu5eky38CKYnxmLbnBXSEPO4ZIr+ZkuHIAX75kleoiQXLd3bWLKGYgtDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T13:53:37.577440Z"},"content_sha256":"977ae66c6c8d54af92a2ad1f7cf6521869fb95ff5c6acb421576fb278ed52d88","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:977ae66c6c8d54af92a2ad1f7cf6521869fb95ff5c6acb421576fb278ed52d88"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/76X6UUTYCPWQPPJFHAAS5ODXZ7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/76X6UUTYCPWQPPJFHAAS5ODXZ7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/76X6UUTYCPWQPPJFHAAS5ODXZ7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-14T13:53:37Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/76X6UUTYCPWQPPJFHAAS5ODXZ7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/76X6UUTYCPWQPPJFHAAS5ODXZ7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/76X6UUTYCPWQPPJFHAAS5ODXZ7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/76X6UUTYCPWQPPJFHAAS5ODXZ7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:76X6UUTYCPWQPPJFHAAS5ODXZ7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"03ead3632ed1ef8292c3ac8a80a7475fe611fce6dbeef5e2ebe4d082470f8527","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","eess.IV","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-02-04T12:23:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"f6e9eee681e2610dc0e874c5ceb6c95ed7fd252480c811ef03747b1ee068cfd5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1902.01147","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1902.01147","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1902.01147v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1902.01147","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"76X6UUTYCPWQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"76X6UUTYCPWQPPJF","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"76X6UUTY","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:977ae66c6c8d54af92a2ad1f7cf6521869fb95ff5c6acb421576fb278ed52d88","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1902.01147/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) claim to present many advantages in terms of biological plausibility and energy efficiency compared to standard Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Recent works have shown that DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, i.e., small perturbations added to the input data can lead to targeted or random misclassifications. In this paper, we aim at investigating the key research question: ``Are SNNs secure?'' Towards this, we perform a comparative study of the security vulnerabilities in SNNs and DNNs w.r.t. the adversarial noise. Afterwards, we propose a novel black-box at","authors_text":"Alberto Marchisio, Faiq Khalid, Giorgio Nanfa, Maurizio Martina, Muhammad Abdullah Hanif, Muhammad Shafique","cross_cats":["cs.CR","eess.IV","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-02-04T12:23:11Z","title":"Is Spiking Secure? A Comparative Study on the Security Vulnerabilities of Spiking and Deep Neural Networks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1902.01147","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:98e92c38f6e49a612f840be8f8de4ee39777f0b75c47710ff77de8111a2a57bf","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"03ead3632ed1ef8292c3ac8a80a7475fe611fce6dbeef5e2ebe4d082470f8527","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","eess.IV","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-02-04T12:23:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"f6e9eee681e2610dc0e874c5ceb6c95ed7fd252480c811ef03747b1ee068cfd5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1902.01147","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"ffafea527813ed07bd2538012eb877cfdf9402fa84219262b760857ac1912a91","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ffafea527813ed07bd2538012eb877cfdf9402fa84219262b760857ac1912a91","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58.400993Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58.400993Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"5dOfP7LQWUMjr1b1q87TSwRo31uKpdQLbMSFYiItwkL5CMJpSVN9NVkThs0C6x+wD6xX5mMPJnbqI3A9AvydBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:58.401459Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1902.01147","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:98e92c38f6e49a612f840be8f8de4ee39777f0b75c47710ff77de8111a2a57bf","sha256:977ae66c6c8d54af92a2ad1f7cf6521869fb95ff5c6acb421576fb278ed52d88"],"state_sha256":"c263627b3d833133d6961d362dc88e1460382acdef0162a3a2ab835900c55269"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZGNQ3mJGpUBApm+Me2H7sx5nJ8bV4kNsdDGsmhzA91tj1zOsU0gJCDEOfV4U1wnv1BF/X1/8PjmfDJBiXeNKAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T13:53:37.585416Z","bundle_sha256":"6e26f68612e633725029b573829eeddb64dd2b605802794bcbdb4ad590f064ad"}}