{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:77X4QLJNHDI5AU6FENBMABZZLN","short_pith_number":"pith:77X4QLJN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.08491","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2015-03-29T20:42:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"b82ac219ff5518ecb93e9e1cea2b1ce8ba054827ba74ae3d548ce5dc65f0f916","abstract_canon_sha256":"50cccab3824341417fddc940e68525de5fc1840287bd65f94e59d3051b9d6ef1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ffefc82d2d38d1d053c52342c007395b4993b46b478f9095e25a451cec33c3e8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1503.08491","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.08491","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.08491v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.08491","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"77X4QLJNHDI5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"77X4QLJNHDI5AU6F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"77X4QLJN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:77X4QLJNHDI5AU6FENBMABZZLN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.08491","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2015-03-29T20:42:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"b82ac219ff5518ecb93e9e1cea2b1ce8ba054827ba74ae3d548ce5dc65f0f916","abstract_canon_sha256":"50cccab3824341417fddc940e68525de5fc1840287bd65f94e59d3051b9d6ef1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ffefc82d2d38d1d053c52342c007395b4993b46b478f9095e25a451cec33c3e8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:18.790488Z","signature_b64":"rt8SJxXoLznkVY2yiZP1BW3pS5G+jbZKX2qIqxXd7KSwkWq1Rlab6LDkjuwFlnllXkboMRtwy0s7lDQmzDhZAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ffefc82d2d38d1d053c52342c007395b4993b46b478f9095e25a451cec33c3e8","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:18.789725Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:18.789725Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1503.08491","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2hN3uqfU2CDpEoHjomldRRj1i2hh5Ou7efHrQndDlAl/y5u+lA8vP6r3uOHlgLUI46sSIruU+VF0p93zQaTFDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T11:34:10.945287Z"},"content_sha256":"faba97d53e563c9ee07ee695d86a7147f71cf68dd3c627616f3228b83ead6ab0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:faba97d53e563c9ee07ee695d86a7147f71cf68dd3c627616f3228b83ead6ab0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:77X4QLJNHDI5AU6FENBMABZZLN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Frequency-Dependent Dispersion Measures and Implications for Pulsar Timing","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","astro-ph.SR"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","authors_text":"D. R. Stinebring, J. M. Cordes, R. M. Shannon","submitted_at":"2015-03-29T20:42:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"We analyze the frequency dependence of the dispersion measure (DM), the column density of free electrons to a pulsar, caused by multipath scattering from small scale electron-density fluctuations. The DM is slightly different along each propagation path and the transverse spread of paths varies greatly with frequency, yielding time-of-arrival (TOA) perturbations that scale differently than the inverse square of the frequency, the expected dependence for a cold, unmagnetized plasma. We quantify DM and TOA perturbations analytically for thin phase screens and extended media and verify the result"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.08491","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CGZvbDybGvkflKKYalrjoi2CO9V72yrxSeYS0My4taU8uQd9yZ2c1pQFaG/qUHjEhsDzD3+nJmDM2+QliD67Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T11:34:10.945665Z"},"content_sha256":"ba939adcec07ef02335ffd578629e1b25833d01839d8ed13efc338e49492b432","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ba939adcec07ef02335ffd578629e1b25833d01839d8ed13efc338e49492b432"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/77X4QLJNHDI5AU6FENBMABZZLN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/77X4QLJNHDI5AU6FENBMABZZLN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/77X4QLJNHDI5AU6FENBMABZZLN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-30T11:34:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/77X4QLJNHDI5AU6FENBMABZZLN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/77X4QLJNHDI5AU6FENBMABZZLN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/77X4QLJNHDI5AU6FENBMABZZLN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/77X4QLJNHDI5AU6FENBMABZZLN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:77X4QLJNHDI5AU6FENBMABZZLN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"50cccab3824341417fddc940e68525de5fc1840287bd65f94e59d3051b9d6ef1","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2015-03-29T20:42:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"b82ac219ff5518ecb93e9e1cea2b1ce8ba054827ba74ae3d548ce5dc65f0f916"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.08491","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.08491","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.08491v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.08491","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"77X4QLJNHDI5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"77X4QLJNHDI5AU6F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"77X4QLJN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ba939adcec07ef02335ffd578629e1b25833d01839d8ed13efc338e49492b432","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We analyze the frequency dependence of the dispersion measure (DM), the column density of free electrons to a pulsar, caused by multipath scattering from small scale electron-density fluctuations. The DM is slightly different along each propagation path and the transverse spread of paths varies greatly with frequency, yielding time-of-arrival (TOA) perturbations that scale differently than the inverse square of the frequency, the expected dependence for a cold, unmagnetized plasma. We quantify DM and TOA perturbations analytically for thin phase screens and extended media and verify the result","authors_text":"D. R. Stinebring, J. M. Cordes, R. M. Shannon","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","astro-ph.SR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2015-03-29T20:42:04Z","title":"Frequency-Dependent Dispersion Measures and Implications for Pulsar Timing"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.08491","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:faba97d53e563c9ee07ee695d86a7147f71cf68dd3c627616f3228b83ead6ab0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"50cccab3824341417fddc940e68525de5fc1840287bd65f94e59d3051b9d6ef1","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2015-03-29T20:42:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"b82ac219ff5518ecb93e9e1cea2b1ce8ba054827ba74ae3d548ce5dc65f0f916"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.08491","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ffefc82d2d38d1d053c52342c007395b4993b46b478f9095e25a451cec33c3e8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ffefc82d2d38d1d053c52342c007395b4993b46b478f9095e25a451cec33c3e8","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:18.789725Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:18.789725Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rt8SJxXoLznkVY2yiZP1BW3pS5G+jbZKX2qIqxXd7KSwkWq1Rlab6LDkjuwFlnllXkboMRtwy0s7lDQmzDhZAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:18.790488Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1503.08491","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:faba97d53e563c9ee07ee695d86a7147f71cf68dd3c627616f3228b83ead6ab0","sha256:ba939adcec07ef02335ffd578629e1b25833d01839d8ed13efc338e49492b432"],"state_sha256":"529bf7180dd2d6d21771a764c9af65ebf69a84bf9db13942d6b3ab1654a2bf49"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FJSuGT+5GkGasPIop1fMuiqJc+Tq0+HjVB2UX+24eeRkTpdTJ2763s0vHYYCA3QjW5ssCiABqytEDDG23Bi6AQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T11:34:10.947494Z","bundle_sha256":"ccceb4ed65fa50463c0b41c921e4973c6854535a24cc89cb258c279d4c3545f3"}}