{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:7AFH5BXVTILV7Q4477WN5TI5Z5","short_pith_number":"pith:7AFH5BXV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.06831","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2019-06-17T03:35:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"aa525ee3c7c93ce479780cc4fc01f3cfefbf8d90ec376c85297266616e71f7b8","abstract_canon_sha256":"68ddb607c359e49af8b431d124fb221b68b17dff120f3a08ab8e1c7663f3b1b7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f80a7e86f59a175fc39cffecdecd1dcf5c3d07bfe4ce666291f9a106be16875c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1906.06831","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.06831","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.06831v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.06831","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7AFH5BXVTILV","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7AFH5BXVTILV7Q44","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7AFH5BXV","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:7AFH5BXVTILV7Q4477WN5TI5Z5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.06831","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2019-06-17T03:35:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"aa525ee3c7c93ce479780cc4fc01f3cfefbf8d90ec376c85297266616e71f7b8","abstract_canon_sha256":"68ddb607c359e49af8b431d124fb221b68b17dff120f3a08ab8e1c7663f3b1b7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f80a7e86f59a175fc39cffecdecd1dcf5c3d07bfe4ce666291f9a106be16875c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38.783963Z","signature_b64":"vVXLhXBepdG0whLF4y2aHLZRKKMncjrczfWhHKLDpOv2Q1j/L1Uu2cB0B3BLNeP+O/pQ3FIWaWc9ZfEIfEAXCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f80a7e86f59a175fc39cffecdecd1dcf5c3d07bfe4ce666291f9a106be16875c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38.783566Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38.783566Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1906.06831","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1XY2ks0xvDMOXAI2aR2QgfG+o0DOzBK+ll0JMAPrkEiFTWqyvLbWC1XCIdMRFulgr49zgI9UOgSXTMsfmOKPDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T12:36:17.498811Z"},"content_sha256":"7f43a6a2b01049a1a79897d0dcf4847d9c9cd79250ec79dcf504cf447b32c7d7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7f43a6a2b01049a1a79897d0dcf4847d9c9cd79250ec79dcf504cf447b32c7d7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:7AFH5BXVTILV7Q4477WN5TI5Z5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Baryon Physics and Tight Coupling Approximation in Boltzmann Codes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Antonio De Felice, Masroor C. Pookkillath, Shinji Mukohyama","submitted_at":"2019-06-17T03:35:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"We provide two derivations of the baryonic equations that can be straightforwardly implemented in existing Einstein--Boltzmann solvers. One of the derivations begins with an action principle, while the other exploits the conservation of the stress-energy tensor. While our result is manifestly covariant and satisfies the Bianchi identities, we point out that this is not the case for the implementation of the seminal work by Ma and Bertschinger and in the existing Boltzmann codes. We also study the tight coupling approximation up to the second order without choosing any gauge using the covariant"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.06831","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1906.06831/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"S6MZ9hnr9hbVPr8qjW63iM6B1z+aYRm9BLyo2SDVc3xq91BM0tu1zhXRDbfYTKMz1I1EohhS4DfWImMwx5b6Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T12:36:17.499214Z"},"content_sha256":"991d7c9f6715dbec1f373682e280412f5a71dfb29ce41b630a9f86af8d178d5c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:991d7c9f6715dbec1f373682e280412f5a71dfb29ce41b630a9f86af8d178d5c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7AFH5BXVTILV7Q4477WN5TI5Z5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7AFH5BXVTILV7Q4477WN5TI5Z5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7AFH5BXVTILV7Q4477WN5TI5Z5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-11T12:36:17Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7AFH5BXVTILV7Q4477WN5TI5Z5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7AFH5BXVTILV7Q4477WN5TI5Z5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7AFH5BXVTILV7Q4477WN5TI5Z5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7AFH5BXVTILV7Q4477WN5TI5Z5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:7AFH5BXVTILV7Q4477WN5TI5Z5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"68ddb607c359e49af8b431d124fb221b68b17dff120f3a08ab8e1c7663f3b1b7","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2019-06-17T03:35:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"aa525ee3c7c93ce479780cc4fc01f3cfefbf8d90ec376c85297266616e71f7b8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.06831","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.06831","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.06831v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.06831","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7AFH5BXVTILV","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7AFH5BXVTILV7Q44","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7AFH5BXV","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:991d7c9f6715dbec1f373682e280412f5a71dfb29ce41b630a9f86af8d178d5c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1906.06831/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We provide two derivations of the baryonic equations that can be straightforwardly implemented in existing Einstein--Boltzmann solvers. One of the derivations begins with an action principle, while the other exploits the conservation of the stress-energy tensor. While our result is manifestly covariant and satisfies the Bianchi identities, we point out that this is not the case for the implementation of the seminal work by Ma and Bertschinger and in the existing Boltzmann codes. We also study the tight coupling approximation up to the second order without choosing any gauge using the covariant","authors_text":"Antonio De Felice, Masroor C. Pookkillath, Shinji Mukohyama","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2019-06-17T03:35:16Z","title":"Baryon Physics and Tight Coupling Approximation in Boltzmann Codes"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.06831","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7f43a6a2b01049a1a79897d0dcf4847d9c9cd79250ec79dcf504cf447b32c7d7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"68ddb607c359e49af8b431d124fb221b68b17dff120f3a08ab8e1c7663f3b1b7","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2019-06-17T03:35:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"aa525ee3c7c93ce479780cc4fc01f3cfefbf8d90ec376c85297266616e71f7b8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.06831","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f80a7e86f59a175fc39cffecdecd1dcf5c3d07bfe4ce666291f9a106be16875c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f80a7e86f59a175fc39cffecdecd1dcf5c3d07bfe4ce666291f9a106be16875c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38.783566Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38.783566Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"vVXLhXBepdG0whLF4y2aHLZRKKMncjrczfWhHKLDpOv2Q1j/L1Uu2cB0B3BLNeP+O/pQ3FIWaWc9ZfEIfEAXCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:38.783963Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1906.06831","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7f43a6a2b01049a1a79897d0dcf4847d9c9cd79250ec79dcf504cf447b32c7d7","sha256:991d7c9f6715dbec1f373682e280412f5a71dfb29ce41b630a9f86af8d178d5c"],"state_sha256":"5aa936a7a5f905dc9eb5b6bd7f3635f0450219997ed11633a5f2c3c7bcd04db5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Lt2FtCx7h0mwYKwZusyIiaVdsTwsYPMfuyu8HeKJck1Zzx13t8N42jjCD1D59z2D2hJZWfmSzCOBxYci3iVxBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T12:36:17.501339Z","bundle_sha256":"b5a1bc7748f64c28e2f96dd4cba0319bab687cc386f617f15f3fc327df366bb4"}}