{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:7D2HGAJLCQIZ5YPPU2GONK3RI2","short_pith_number":"pith:7D2HGAJL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.12767","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-12-17T10:31:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"532260d62d12e0e0f75079c1ac51edb32e272fbb9401eeb822260f0913debed3","abstract_canon_sha256":"d790436fe199e2a8eccc0dc5443b52d9f75be5114ec2fe9ca318b33e96f719ad"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f8f473012b14119ee1efa68ce6ab71469139c0a2bc0f1f90c464a9148bfdebf4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2412.12767","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.12767","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.12767v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.12767","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7D2HGAJLCQIZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7D2HGAJLCQIZ5YPP","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7D2HGAJL","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:7D2HGAJLCQIZ5YPPU2GONK3RI2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.12767","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-12-17T10:31:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"532260d62d12e0e0f75079c1ac51edb32e272fbb9401eeb822260f0913debed3","abstract_canon_sha256":"d790436fe199e2a8eccc0dc5443b52d9f75be5114ec2fe9ca318b33e96f719ad"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f8f473012b14119ee1efa68ce6ab71469139c0a2bc0f1f90c464a9148bfdebf4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38.166777Z","signature_b64":"Sirbg4dbUccTC4OeqJSeq33jpgay/cCe2xgmNzXGxZCyVJv0oqRsiUsGRyGr3ix3+bZ5kveXcbQGNws4N7wpDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f8f473012b14119ee1efa68ce6ab71469139c0a2bc0f1f90c464a9148bfdebf4","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38.166275Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38.166275Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2412.12767","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LvAesFAaHrhR4dfzF4LLjKz51QgVcX/IQJO9mr5C6JCxTkUnH3Ys3nKjqQ8TKWfdDTZmiNixfT7LPImLQ+4uBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T07:50:28.979946Z"},"content_sha256":"18df2e94c6fe09190eb4ae42f37f8e5a91b8eb4b1777d87e2fb9ee0c65f4e3da","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:18df2e94c6fe09190eb4ae42f37f8e5a91b8eb4b1777d87e2fb9ee0c65f4e3da"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:7D2HGAJLCQIZ5YPPU2GONK3RI2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Survey of Calibration Process for Black-Box LLMs","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Chen Luo, Hui Liu, Jing Huang, Jingying Zeng, Liangru Xie, Qi He, Suhang Wang, Xianfeng Tang, Yan Han, Zhen Li","submitted_at":"2024-12-17T10:31:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance in semantic understanding and generation, yet accurately assessing their output reliability remains a significant challenge. While numerous studies have explored calibration techniques, they primarily focus on White-Box LLMs with accessible parameters. Black-Box LLMs, despite their superior performance, pose heightened requirements for calibration techniques due to their API-only interaction constraints. Although recent researches have achieved breakthroughs in black-box LLMs calibration, a systematic survey of these methodologies"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.12767","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2412.12767/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"H5HNQdMF265HWKoNNYfXR/ciznDe3eCKkqAvivAf5aI0mWfDsFR+duUZ1qZbRwkWdGu99TRaGtEeyRDZqRZYCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T07:50:28.980657Z"},"content_sha256":"3f4b4a2fecda8bac335dcea83485bc3ad108e27f30a85882022340616e921835","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3f4b4a2fecda8bac335dcea83485bc3ad108e27f30a85882022340616e921835"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7D2HGAJLCQIZ5YPPU2GONK3RI2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7D2HGAJLCQIZ5YPPU2GONK3RI2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7D2HGAJLCQIZ5YPPU2GONK3RI2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T07:50:28Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7D2HGAJLCQIZ5YPPU2GONK3RI2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7D2HGAJLCQIZ5YPPU2GONK3RI2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7D2HGAJLCQIZ5YPPU2GONK3RI2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7D2HGAJLCQIZ5YPPU2GONK3RI2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:7D2HGAJLCQIZ5YPPU2GONK3RI2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d790436fe199e2a8eccc0dc5443b52d9f75be5114ec2fe9ca318b33e96f719ad","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-12-17T10:31:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"532260d62d12e0e0f75079c1ac51edb32e272fbb9401eeb822260f0913debed3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.12767","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.12767","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.12767v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.12767","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7D2HGAJLCQIZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7D2HGAJLCQIZ5YPP","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7D2HGAJL","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3f4b4a2fecda8bac335dcea83485bc3ad108e27f30a85882022340616e921835","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2412.12767/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance in semantic understanding and generation, yet accurately assessing their output reliability remains a significant challenge. While numerous studies have explored calibration techniques, they primarily focus on White-Box LLMs with accessible parameters. Black-Box LLMs, despite their superior performance, pose heightened requirements for calibration techniques due to their API-only interaction constraints. Although recent researches have achieved breakthroughs in black-box LLMs calibration, a systematic survey of these methodologies","authors_text":"Chen Luo, Hui Liu, Jing Huang, Jingying Zeng, Liangru Xie, Qi He, Suhang Wang, Xianfeng Tang, Yan Han, Zhen Li","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-12-17T10:31:21Z","title":"A Survey of Calibration Process for Black-Box LLMs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.12767","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:18df2e94c6fe09190eb4ae42f37f8e5a91b8eb4b1777d87e2fb9ee0c65f4e3da","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d790436fe199e2a8eccc0dc5443b52d9f75be5114ec2fe9ca318b33e96f719ad","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2024-12-17T10:31:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"532260d62d12e0e0f75079c1ac51edb32e272fbb9401eeb822260f0913debed3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.12767","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f8f473012b14119ee1efa68ce6ab71469139c0a2bc0f1f90c464a9148bfdebf4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f8f473012b14119ee1efa68ce6ab71469139c0a2bc0f1f90c464a9148bfdebf4","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38.166275Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38.166275Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Sirbg4dbUccTC4OeqJSeq33jpgay/cCe2xgmNzXGxZCyVJv0oqRsiUsGRyGr3ix3+bZ5kveXcbQGNws4N7wpDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:50:38.166777Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2412.12767","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:18df2e94c6fe09190eb4ae42f37f8e5a91b8eb4b1777d87e2fb9ee0c65f4e3da","sha256:3f4b4a2fecda8bac335dcea83485bc3ad108e27f30a85882022340616e921835"],"state_sha256":"cb0ddfa588cce8e272580d05e624feaaf57e89c2c86865f6930563811fcd69ba"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/mlKySBvX6ElkibCCQ2ksUw7qAHWXMWuja6DYcQnzgYQ5fWuSG0PrH9Oc5yhSr4M9e+daggSMxv1H6n8bbmADA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T07:50:28.986735Z","bundle_sha256":"8785ea9dba701c427d0e283a904cb58ae082ca9c2174af1c64fdacc972f82a6b"}}