{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:7DKKB7LWVZMSOGQFOEVRJJHZUD","short_pith_number":"pith:7DKKB7LW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2104.06390","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-04-13T17:52:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"7e7b8ed39d946a628e1d09245e6ced2bd4a1d60c3cbeefe54efeb98452d2ec19","abstract_canon_sha256":"b652c1f90fca2c8c472f096c586e54f3e35d3dcf480ef34afe181ff672d14d83"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f8d4a0fd76ae59271a05712b14a4f9a0f5a6bd228e6a38c8432ad409594e88fd","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2104.06390","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2104.06390","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2104.06390v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2104.06390","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7DKKB7LWVZMS","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7DKKB7LWVZMSOGQF","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7DKKB7LW","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:7DKKB7LWVZMSOGQFOEVRJJHZUD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2104.06390","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-04-13T17:52:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"7e7b8ed39d946a628e1d09245e6ced2bd4a1d60c3cbeefe54efeb98452d2ec19","abstract_canon_sha256":"b652c1f90fca2c8c472f096c586e54f3e35d3dcf480ef34afe181ff672d14d83"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f8d4a0fd76ae59271a05712b14a4f9a0f5a6bd228e6a38c8432ad409594e88fd","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56.915610Z","signature_b64":"wTDTpMQxGw2+nRaf3kC5C90S03fths2lrb3FYWa62UnFWmDm8O76+v7W1+x7+i2KYJ2PLrYaPWp7ArxesHI1Aw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f8d4a0fd76ae59271a05712b14a4f9a0f5a6bd228e6a38c8432ad409594e88fd","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56.915193Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56.915193Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2104.06390","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LHxLIDgA4cZ/Co1nrvgh1KdM84qcWEOXLXDulIO+Q36A3Ivp/kKfIysjqKBQ3+sfS/Cz1rIsSRc0n3GkziSEBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T19:07:17.176367Z"},"content_sha256":"f3f9133a182aa08a9ff3dd4c4770219e30536624306b664bca2d75e17ab9ec06","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f3f9133a182aa08a9ff3dd4c4770219e30536624306b664bca2d75e17ab9ec06"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:7DKKB7LWVZMSOGQFOEVRJJHZUD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Detoxifying Language Models Risks Marginalizing Minority Voices","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Albert Xu, Dan Klein, Eric Wallace, Eshaan Pathak, Maarten Sap, Suchin Gururangan","submitted_at":"2021-04-13T17:52:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"Language models (LMs) must be both safe and equitable to be responsibly deployed in practice. With safety in mind, numerous detoxification techniques (e.g., Dathathri et al. 2020; Krause et al. 2020) have been proposed to mitigate toxic LM generations. In this work, we show that current detoxification techniques hurt equity: they decrease the utility of LMs on language used by marginalized groups (e.g., African-American English and minority identity mentions). In particular, we perform automatic and human evaluations of text generation quality when LMs are conditioned on inputs with different "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2104.06390","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2104.06390/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vsTcflWMSCbORf4y2gdiU2cckUEo4X2YYO9hGpJkCs7oRU/FPtF/kg/bX8V4K4wbPtgtvBFypI1iDr8mEXdABw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T19:07:17.177852Z"},"content_sha256":"acaa6cd8abd91fd650348b0488c5a212a21417d6ecdd7c2fe48227e4ca9f31d6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:acaa6cd8abd91fd650348b0488c5a212a21417d6ecdd7c2fe48227e4ca9f31d6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7DKKB7LWVZMSOGQFOEVRJJHZUD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7DKKB7LWVZMSOGQFOEVRJJHZUD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7DKKB7LWVZMSOGQFOEVRJJHZUD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T19:07:17Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7DKKB7LWVZMSOGQFOEVRJJHZUD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7DKKB7LWVZMSOGQFOEVRJJHZUD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7DKKB7LWVZMSOGQFOEVRJJHZUD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7DKKB7LWVZMSOGQFOEVRJJHZUD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:7DKKB7LWVZMSOGQFOEVRJJHZUD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b652c1f90fca2c8c472f096c586e54f3e35d3dcf480ef34afe181ff672d14d83","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-04-13T17:52:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"7e7b8ed39d946a628e1d09245e6ced2bd4a1d60c3cbeefe54efeb98452d2ec19"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2104.06390","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2104.06390","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2104.06390v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2104.06390","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7DKKB7LWVZMS","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7DKKB7LWVZMSOGQF","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7DKKB7LW","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:acaa6cd8abd91fd650348b0488c5a212a21417d6ecdd7c2fe48227e4ca9f31d6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2104.06390/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Language models (LMs) must be both safe and equitable to be responsibly deployed in practice. With safety in mind, numerous detoxification techniques (e.g., Dathathri et al. 2020; Krause et al. 2020) have been proposed to mitigate toxic LM generations. In this work, we show that current detoxification techniques hurt equity: they decrease the utility of LMs on language used by marginalized groups (e.g., African-American English and minority identity mentions). In particular, we perform automatic and human evaluations of text generation quality when LMs are conditioned on inputs with different ","authors_text":"Albert Xu, Dan Klein, Eric Wallace, Eshaan Pathak, Maarten Sap, Suchin Gururangan","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-04-13T17:52:01Z","title":"Detoxifying Language Models Risks Marginalizing Minority Voices"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2104.06390","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f3f9133a182aa08a9ff3dd4c4770219e30536624306b664bca2d75e17ab9ec06","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b652c1f90fca2c8c472f096c586e54f3e35d3dcf480ef34afe181ff672d14d83","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-04-13T17:52:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"7e7b8ed39d946a628e1d09245e6ced2bd4a1d60c3cbeefe54efeb98452d2ec19"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2104.06390","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f8d4a0fd76ae59271a05712b14a4f9a0f5a6bd228e6a38c8432ad409594e88fd","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f8d4a0fd76ae59271a05712b14a4f9a0f5a6bd228e6a38c8432ad409594e88fd","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56.915193Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56.915193Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"wTDTpMQxGw2+nRaf3kC5C90S03fths2lrb3FYWa62UnFWmDm8O76+v7W1+x7+i2KYJ2PLrYaPWp7ArxesHI1Aw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:31:56.915610Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2104.06390","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f3f9133a182aa08a9ff3dd4c4770219e30536624306b664bca2d75e17ab9ec06","sha256:acaa6cd8abd91fd650348b0488c5a212a21417d6ecdd7c2fe48227e4ca9f31d6"],"state_sha256":"871dbedc33372195ce742a46abc214ac800a25ecb55515c1b4c02abe633df898"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UWNqFisbWWGGyTYWfz/jMz42xFRyKu/qbark3VdOqERjUBDMeptOT7TtmOaQyWaAWx65Q/6uUt8vmraaewH/Cg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T19:07:17.187537Z","bundle_sha256":"a64c645abf22014221d451c2e9a36e6bded7fdf76efbeac1cb98a63a77e1bcfb"}}