{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:7DNDXWRQE2GU5QVR7DHCWHE4AU","short_pith_number":"pith:7DNDXWRQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.00156","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2019-03-01T05:01:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"348bbcbc585f9995a039925b61ca6007536c884cee26dba2841bdffa8fdc9998","abstract_canon_sha256":"5a9535563572c2f01901d1cd5c051da00f6b9f3803f9eb612e9355eab5d3054b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f8da3bda30268d4ec2b1f8ce2b1c9c050df87283d9bc7b44acbb328a6c700598","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1903.00156","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.00156","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.00156v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.00156","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7DNDXWRQE2GU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7DNDXWRQE2GU5QVR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7DNDXWRQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:7DNDXWRQE2GU5QVR7DHCWHE4AU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.00156","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2019-03-01T05:01:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"348bbcbc585f9995a039925b61ca6007536c884cee26dba2841bdffa8fdc9998","abstract_canon_sha256":"5a9535563572c2f01901d1cd5c051da00f6b9f3803f9eb612e9355eab5d3054b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f8da3bda30268d4ec2b1f8ce2b1c9c050df87283d9bc7b44acbb328a6c700598","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:20.702603Z","signature_b64":"8RuS1hdyBaz2gQDH/ZplFn4hONxd98iC51hCzTNbotrh+7WTZKIXI9QqwZZ5moMHJQYiQenfYuNuixo0sEmkDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f8da3bda30268d4ec2b1f8ce2b1c9c050df87283d9bc7b44acbb328a6c700598","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:20.701890Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:20.701890Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1903.00156","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2xXPGhXdH9h/VCuWJ+TQPhmmZhtqsK/1Pm+Bwh9rjT7aCNW+fGCHA53f85AoGdBnW/cs1myIIWKHatFxfrMTCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T07:21:12.688346Z"},"content_sha256":"0340b6d62000a242280bd0cb46009f5791a7f69d9b9c11be4fb48d93ff180990","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0340b6d62000a242280bd0cb46009f5791a7f69d9b9c11be4fb48d93ff180990"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:7DNDXWRQE2GU5QVR7DHCWHE4AU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Characterizing Activity on the Deep and Dark Web","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Andr\\'es Abeliuk, Emilio Ferrara, Kristina Lerman, Nathan Bartley, Nazgol Tavabi, Sandeep Soni","submitted_at":"2019-03-01T05:01:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"The deep and darkweb (d2web) refers to limited access web sites that require registration, authentication, or more complex encryption protocols to access them. These web sites serve as hubs for a variety of illicit activities: to trade drugs, stolen user credentials, hacking tools, and to coordinate attacks and manipulation campaigns. Despite its importance to cyber crime, the d2web has not been systematically investigated. In this paper, we study a large corpus of messages posted to 80 d2web forums over a period of more than a year. We identify topics of discussion using LDA and use a non-par"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.00156","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"b9ysduEMsVjcKOXL8HxyG3Aq9e6d/KEtbqqFhBe93fAHx7xxFRyIu4AYpu1SPR3+vbZL9zUedkTPjkjon2KbDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T07:21:12.688749Z"},"content_sha256":"80ac2c882a55d8535019081857f85f6e7686d2e0f3b019e2fb5cf6391c750759","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:80ac2c882a55d8535019081857f85f6e7686d2e0f3b019e2fb5cf6391c750759"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7DNDXWRQE2GU5QVR7DHCWHE4AU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7DNDXWRQE2GU5QVR7DHCWHE4AU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7DNDXWRQE2GU5QVR7DHCWHE4AU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T07:21:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7DNDXWRQE2GU5QVR7DHCWHE4AU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7DNDXWRQE2GU5QVR7DHCWHE4AU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7DNDXWRQE2GU5QVR7DHCWHE4AU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7DNDXWRQE2GU5QVR7DHCWHE4AU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:7DNDXWRQE2GU5QVR7DHCWHE4AU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5a9535563572c2f01901d1cd5c051da00f6b9f3803f9eb612e9355eab5d3054b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2019-03-01T05:01:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"348bbcbc585f9995a039925b61ca6007536c884cee26dba2841bdffa8fdc9998"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.00156","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.00156","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.00156v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.00156","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7DNDXWRQE2GU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7DNDXWRQE2GU5QVR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7DNDXWRQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:80ac2c882a55d8535019081857f85f6e7686d2e0f3b019e2fb5cf6391c750759","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The deep and darkweb (d2web) refers to limited access web sites that require registration, authentication, or more complex encryption protocols to access them. These web sites serve as hubs for a variety of illicit activities: to trade drugs, stolen user credentials, hacking tools, and to coordinate attacks and manipulation campaigns. Despite its importance to cyber crime, the d2web has not been systematically investigated. In this paper, we study a large corpus of messages posted to 80 d2web forums over a period of more than a year. We identify topics of discussion using LDA and use a non-par","authors_text":"Andr\\'es Abeliuk, Emilio Ferrara, Kristina Lerman, Nathan Bartley, Nazgol Tavabi, Sandeep Soni","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2019-03-01T05:01:04Z","title":"Characterizing Activity on the Deep and Dark Web"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.00156","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0340b6d62000a242280bd0cb46009f5791a7f69d9b9c11be4fb48d93ff180990","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5a9535563572c2f01901d1cd5c051da00f6b9f3803f9eb612e9355eab5d3054b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2019-03-01T05:01:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"348bbcbc585f9995a039925b61ca6007536c884cee26dba2841bdffa8fdc9998"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.00156","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f8da3bda30268d4ec2b1f8ce2b1c9c050df87283d9bc7b44acbb328a6c700598","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f8da3bda30268d4ec2b1f8ce2b1c9c050df87283d9bc7b44acbb328a6c700598","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:20.701890Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:20.701890Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"8RuS1hdyBaz2gQDH/ZplFn4hONxd98iC51hCzTNbotrh+7WTZKIXI9QqwZZ5moMHJQYiQenfYuNuixo0sEmkDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:20.702603Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1903.00156","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0340b6d62000a242280bd0cb46009f5791a7f69d9b9c11be4fb48d93ff180990","sha256:80ac2c882a55d8535019081857f85f6e7686d2e0f3b019e2fb5cf6391c750759"],"state_sha256":"f593698a5aa50059339c9afe5f3416214e969de5a3fe34b4584f02cca88abc06"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MegnGh3AFrWEyKLQtOAvrMuJXfLhCjfkU8lY4vlyIebphLQsBh1TfxJFMKPSrXQN/1JzQ9ET33qg0txls2PlBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T07:21:12.690766Z","bundle_sha256":"0266e35c822b81ca4938805c48d1acbb1513011821dec1f585588545a0f71403"}}