{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2004:7EXBMJIP6VI7BMIKEBGBNQXWOB","short_pith_number":"pith:7EXBMJIP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0402138","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-02-06T02:23:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9ba9875418190ce0bfaa9e0de0b307c5e57abce8cdb097dd8a5e20042dff80fb","abstract_canon_sha256":"00b298cbb2daf3c27cc924525268d53ab6b56cdba3861cc6b883815563084646"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f92e16250ff551f0b10a204c16c2f6705d33376864a78d0a575bd7cc673d7e62","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/0402138","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0402138","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0402138v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0402138","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7EXBMJIP6VI7","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7EXBMJIP6VI7BMIK","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7EXBMJIP","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2004:7EXBMJIP6VI7BMIKEBGBNQXWOB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0402138","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-02-06T02:23:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9ba9875418190ce0bfaa9e0de0b307c5e57abce8cdb097dd8a5e20042dff80fb","abstract_canon_sha256":"00b298cbb2daf3c27cc924525268d53ab6b56cdba3861cc6b883815563084646"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f92e16250ff551f0b10a204c16c2f6705d33376864a78d0a575bd7cc673d7e62","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58.788576Z","signature_b64":"25FsNt4iQ8/y+zFD/vU3ikDdcDuz/y4fn+0So5eLZkNA4YyqDnwdx8mup7leQwPYyVgmx2l5hdHPgPLD0SPFDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f92e16250ff551f0b10a204c16c2f6705d33376864a78d0a575bd7cc673d7e62","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58.788047Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58.788047Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/0402138","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"L80gcNwn4eQN0nzBSujQSwv8WoQc/WcX19LisZeEyRLfBOAv2QYkNaghneHM4AgTlpQYQlxYJfjmmtdJ7bc2Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T15:38:20.895310Z"},"content_sha256":"b88da56db52cabca11d682b091435f0fedda310ba41c7b27aff104612c58f658","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b88da56db52cabca11d682b091435f0fedda310ba41c7b27aff104612c58f658"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2004:7EXBMJIP6VI7BMIKEBGBNQXWOB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Shaping the Kuiper belt size spectrum by shattering large but strengthless bodies","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Margaret Pan, Re'em Sari (CALTECH)","submitted_at":"2004-02-06T02:23:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"The observed size distribution of Kuiper belt objects (KBOs)--small icy and rocky solar system bodies orbiting beyond Neptune--is well described by a power law at large KBO sizes. However, recent work by Bernstein et al. (2003) indicates that the size spectrum breaks and becomes shallower for KBOs smaller than about 70 km in size. Here we show that we expect such a break at KBO radius ~40 km since destructive collisions are frequent for smaller KBOs. Specifically, we assume that KBOs are rubble piles with low material strength rather than solid monoliths. This gives a power-law slope q~3 where"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0402138","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0402138/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"J/Sp0c9aWPGy3dEIIREBJVCexKcW+2N4S/sS1f+aZNimYY7h9DuTfC2VRmdGbzt/9yzvq2Fw9+ILJOJW3AOACQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T15:38:20.895977Z"},"content_sha256":"feb3e8c23c8dafb606bfb14857c23dfca2cc04d3e697b8868d0b5b2ddd69f9c5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:feb3e8c23c8dafb606bfb14857c23dfca2cc04d3e697b8868d0b5b2ddd69f9c5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7EXBMJIP6VI7BMIKEBGBNQXWOB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7EXBMJIP6VI7BMIKEBGBNQXWOB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7EXBMJIP6VI7BMIKEBGBNQXWOB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-12T15:38:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7EXBMJIP6VI7BMIKEBGBNQXWOB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7EXBMJIP6VI7BMIKEBGBNQXWOB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7EXBMJIP6VI7BMIKEBGBNQXWOB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7EXBMJIP6VI7BMIKEBGBNQXWOB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2004:7EXBMJIP6VI7BMIKEBGBNQXWOB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"00b298cbb2daf3c27cc924525268d53ab6b56cdba3861cc6b883815563084646","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-02-06T02:23:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"9ba9875418190ce0bfaa9e0de0b307c5e57abce8cdb097dd8a5e20042dff80fb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0402138","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0402138","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0402138v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0402138","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7EXBMJIP6VI7","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7EXBMJIP6VI7BMIK","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7EXBMJIP","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:feb3e8c23c8dafb606bfb14857c23dfca2cc04d3e697b8868d0b5b2ddd69f9c5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0402138/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The observed size distribution of Kuiper belt objects (KBOs)--small icy and rocky solar system bodies orbiting beyond Neptune--is well described by a power law at large KBO sizes. However, recent work by Bernstein et al. (2003) indicates that the size spectrum breaks and becomes shallower for KBOs smaller than about 70 km in size. Here we show that we expect such a break at KBO radius ~40 km since destructive collisions are frequent for smaller KBOs. Specifically, we assume that KBOs are rubble piles with low material strength rather than solid monoliths. This gives a power-law slope q~3 where","authors_text":"Margaret Pan, Re'em Sari (CALTECH)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-02-06T02:23:19Z","title":"Shaping the Kuiper belt size spectrum by shattering large but strengthless bodies"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0402138","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b88da56db52cabca11d682b091435f0fedda310ba41c7b27aff104612c58f658","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"00b298cbb2daf3c27cc924525268d53ab6b56cdba3861cc6b883815563084646","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2004-02-06T02:23:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"9ba9875418190ce0bfaa9e0de0b307c5e57abce8cdb097dd8a5e20042dff80fb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0402138","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f92e16250ff551f0b10a204c16c2f6705d33376864a78d0a575bd7cc673d7e62","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f92e16250ff551f0b10a204c16c2f6705d33376864a78d0a575bd7cc673d7e62","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58.788047Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58.788047Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"25FsNt4iQ8/y+zFD/vU3ikDdcDuz/y4fn+0So5eLZkNA4YyqDnwdx8mup7leQwPYyVgmx2l5hdHPgPLD0SPFDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:42:58.788576Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/0402138","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b88da56db52cabca11d682b091435f0fedda310ba41c7b27aff104612c58f658","sha256:feb3e8c23c8dafb606bfb14857c23dfca2cc04d3e697b8868d0b5b2ddd69f9c5"],"state_sha256":"bb3ee97402c56bdb93f51c33aa1a2c1013875a9132949ca56668fabdcd384627"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y0Y3tFp908684bppfqSpmfsIuEQ4626ADFszGjg0hwANRUFz1do/H3rL0UoUwMATz4OAieVdDgioB3QtmiI4Aw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T15:38:20.905130Z","bundle_sha256":"3e25950f1e74208ce89d118886b8ac4c384a0a791535abbc66305e7dc1d840cf"}}