{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:7FG6NLR4V6I4MJ6WDQIBPE3LU6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"08ff1233ce4051a90dc5f656dbcd9f8d919aa4115e1a816129f89f1eeb2d09f4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","submitted_at":"2014-12-08T04:53:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"bc0afe688189c03582df0b59f1ad12edca92620613731d2763924e0ed4198f6b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1412.2447","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1412.2447","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1412.2447v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1412.2447","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7FG6NLR4V6I4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7FG6NLR4V6I4MJ6W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7FG6NLR4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d94af376149a56fe5a4271cc403099b06f6eeca1535786ec6a8389a08877b6c1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We consider biological individuality in terms of information theoretic and graphical principles. Our purpose is to extract through an algorithmic decomposition system-environment boundaries supporting individuality. We infer or detect evolved individuals rather than assume that they exist. Given a set of consistent measurements over time, we discover a coarse-grained or quantized description on a system, inducing partitions (which can be nested). Legitimate individual partitions will propagate information from the past into the future, whereas spurious aggregations will not. Individuals are th","authors_text":"David Krakauer, Eckehard Olbrich, Jessica C. Flack, Nihat Ay, Nils Bertschinger","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","submitted_at":"2014-12-08T04:53:00Z","title":"The Information Theory of Individuality"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1412.2447","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:63defb8a18226fa89e697d0dc4d3e12526c9f36f7f5e0315a808182cb5693bd8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"08ff1233ce4051a90dc5f656dbcd9f8d919aa4115e1a816129f89f1eeb2d09f4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","submitted_at":"2014-12-08T04:53:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"bc0afe688189c03582df0b59f1ad12edca92620613731d2763924e0ed4198f6b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1412.2447","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f94de6ae3caf91c627d61c1017936ba7906ac0442d768f5e09906fc840441c3b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f94de6ae3caf91c627d61c1017936ba7906ac0442d768f5e09906fc840441c3b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:57.989075Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:57.989075Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"UIiDlhUK2nXna+Kdnxd6Rnmqka4sJUGsHcGQEAujgX2oW1uxSW7Aofz7Ar7M43w1otmOVtuVNON2h12JnbFlDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:31:57.989736Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1412.2447","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:63defb8a18226fa89e697d0dc4d3e12526c9f36f7f5e0315a808182cb5693bd8","sha256:d94af376149a56fe5a4271cc403099b06f6eeca1535786ec6a8389a08877b6c1"],"state_sha256":"be28f4fed7074c81d032e11d8b43d207168aa851c3ca44ea03b54886216d73e0"}