{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:7FVRAIFFIY74X22RZURUEIFP63","short_pith_number":"pith:7FVRAIFF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.25891","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-05-25T14:19:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"3396811f7f6921fb94f919cf742dc89db49741f895d7c825462cddff8e34f700","abstract_canon_sha256":"2d13482d62dae3f6c4e492e6ef108eb012555a33d90cab02c5f4a7d1017b1bf1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f96b1020a5463fcbeb51cd234220aff6e178510351d613a94411dfeff8148605","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2605.25891","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.25891","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.25891v1","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.25891","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7FVRAIFFIY74","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7FVRAIFFIY74X22R","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7FVRAIFF","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:7FVRAIFFIY74X22RZURUEIFP63","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.25891","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-05-25T14:19:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"3396811f7f6921fb94f919cf742dc89db49741f895d7c825462cddff8e34f700","abstract_canon_sha256":"2d13482d62dae3f6c4e492e6ef108eb012555a33d90cab02c5f4a7d1017b1bf1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f96b1020a5463fcbeb51cd234220aff6e178510351d613a94411dfeff8148605","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17.133152Z","signature_b64":"+6cXoNzK+UCHr1q4y+Xd6zYW041F5y5JQL7h8ecIvqLZMMEAJuZyleA2z97dp1Ba2GQnre35CuUBPB2pfJg/Bw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f96b1020a5463fcbeb51cd234220aff6e178510351d613a94411dfeff8148605","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17.132660Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17.132660Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2605.25891","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0IqsiyvtP9hiFmsQktdtpt/MzGyko9Iin/Zl4M30PHnt5nrOdMlXtzt/H2XhPTkMBGX6kWtHrsulXKaqS6iVCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T12:07:57.954673Z"},"content_sha256":"c39f9f9466e97d3df327dd9ccd09e4be320718cce0bebeb21e39099b1edde436","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c39f9f9466e97d3df327dd9ccd09e4be320718cce0bebeb21e39099b1edde436"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:7FVRAIFFIY74X22RZURUEIFP63","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Causal Tongue-Tie: LLMs Can Encode Causal Direction, But Their Yes/No Outputs Fail to Express","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Xiao-Ping Zhang, Ziyi Ding","submitted_at":"2026-05-25T14:19:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"We find a mismatch between what large language models encode about a causal question and what they answer. On anti-commonsense CLadder items, a fixed linear probe recovers the evidence-supported answer from the model's hidden state (accuracy approximately 0.97), while the spoken Yes/No reverts to the commonsense one (accuracy approximately 0.5). We call this approximately +0.5 gap Causal Tongue-Tie: a wrong Yes/No decomposes into two separable failure modes: no internal signal versus a signal the verbal interface cannot say. The implication cuts both ways for output-only causal benchmarks: a b"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.25891","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.25891/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9Uhjler1Sm4SzcPzP6+V5pOeNNKfxtByHKiTviNsCSZYdV+65Uoxx/RtWVmeBXSPGPF1059LCGy8ewB9X4b1AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T12:07:57.955079Z"},"content_sha256":"0c8ab095d78b2240979960b00049f399cb3add43b951c4f9583e26e3cd3a7ec8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0c8ab095d78b2240979960b00049f399cb3add43b951c4f9583e26e3cd3a7ec8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7FVRAIFFIY74X22RZURUEIFP63/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7FVRAIFFIY74X22RZURUEIFP63/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7FVRAIFFIY74X22RZURUEIFP63/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T12:07:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7FVRAIFFIY74X22RZURUEIFP63","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7FVRAIFFIY74X22RZURUEIFP63/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7FVRAIFFIY74X22RZURUEIFP63/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7FVRAIFFIY74X22RZURUEIFP63/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:7FVRAIFFIY74X22RZURUEIFP63","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2d13482d62dae3f6c4e492e6ef108eb012555a33d90cab02c5f4a7d1017b1bf1","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-05-25T14:19:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"3396811f7f6921fb94f919cf742dc89db49741f895d7c825462cddff8e34f700"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.25891","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.25891","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.25891v1","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.25891","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7FVRAIFFIY74","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7FVRAIFFIY74X22R","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7FVRAIFF","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0c8ab095d78b2240979960b00049f399cb3add43b951c4f9583e26e3cd3a7ec8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2605.25891/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We find a mismatch between what large language models encode about a causal question and what they answer. On anti-commonsense CLadder items, a fixed linear probe recovers the evidence-supported answer from the model's hidden state (accuracy approximately 0.97), while the spoken Yes/No reverts to the commonsense one (accuracy approximately 0.5). We call this approximately +0.5 gap Causal Tongue-Tie: a wrong Yes/No decomposes into two separable failure modes: no internal signal versus a signal the verbal interface cannot say. The implication cuts both ways for output-only causal benchmarks: a b","authors_text":"Xiao-Ping Zhang, Ziyi Ding","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-05-25T14:19:51Z","title":"Causal Tongue-Tie: LLMs Can Encode Causal Direction, But Their Yes/No Outputs Fail to Express"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.25891","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c39f9f9466e97d3df327dd9ccd09e4be320718cce0bebeb21e39099b1edde436","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2d13482d62dae3f6c4e492e6ef108eb012555a33d90cab02c5f4a7d1017b1bf1","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-05-25T14:19:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"3396811f7f6921fb94f919cf742dc89db49741f895d7c825462cddff8e34f700"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.25891","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f96b1020a5463fcbeb51cd234220aff6e178510351d613a94411dfeff8148605","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f96b1020a5463fcbeb51cd234220aff6e178510351d613a94411dfeff8148605","first_computed_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17.132660Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17.132660Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"+6cXoNzK+UCHr1q4y+Xd6zYW041F5y5JQL7h8ecIvqLZMMEAJuZyleA2z97dp1Ba2GQnre35CuUBPB2pfJg/Bw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:17.133152Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2605.25891","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c39f9f9466e97d3df327dd9ccd09e4be320718cce0bebeb21e39099b1edde436","sha256:0c8ab095d78b2240979960b00049f399cb3add43b951c4f9583e26e3cd3a7ec8"],"state_sha256":"18d29d68b62601e115bb499f4d49d52ec087ae21e3a826442093bb023443c2de"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9XKP13JHCUidKy7HA0QIldKQ4MEWZhpCvbz7Sc4JKCRUfzGpbUXCFLds/AQsUMk304cqqBpKT4JM74YLU5M9DA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T12:07:57.959020Z","bundle_sha256":"12a9c4ba01127fa72fff7bb303212aeb74a7f1457c816532cc5b2b0b554f1577"}}