{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:7HSF7NI7Z6K3CK7ZIHFKGZWETN","short_pith_number":"pith:7HSF7NI7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1606.04672","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-06-15T08:21:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"de1923a8d772a23f724b0d032ad62d8628eb5db3c38906a2a0b7356e944738b0","abstract_canon_sha256":"c358cde8ee7e8485d8efe65907ca9b69538d097afb976f079593b602f82d7a3b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f9e45fb51fcf95b12bf941caa366c49b59d088fc12009f13b8e2797ab246af70","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1606.04672","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1606.04672","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1606.04672v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1606.04672","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7HSF7NI7Z6K3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7HSF7NI7Z6K3CK7Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7HSF7NI7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:7HSF7NI7Z6K3CK7ZIHFKGZWETN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1606.04672","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-06-15T08:21:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"de1923a8d772a23f724b0d032ad62d8628eb5db3c38906a2a0b7356e944738b0","abstract_canon_sha256":"c358cde8ee7e8485d8efe65907ca9b69538d097afb976f079593b602f82d7a3b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f9e45fb51fcf95b12bf941caa366c49b59d088fc12009f13b8e2797ab246af70","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:23.322911Z","signature_b64":"qI99DImr0d6uikkOst24HGvhaakOHhAkn9/oVc+BrvQw5TALgDUEm9pfJ2F4BWP/QGgk6zv/zHqVzkT6wOo6Aw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f9e45fb51fcf95b12bf941caa366c49b59d088fc12009f13b8e2797ab246af70","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:23.322221Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:23.322221Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1606.04672","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dODfhzFc/JekAK4ZKrVbvCSLMzdx5uGCLLGZdqkvtZrmKoidmwnlTmxuqPLNuCr90XuP2XINEnhAPSMZ5kqICQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T07:41:50.173863Z"},"content_sha256":"c5b6d45d82e6cbf7cf9c94e3666888e97cd0dc98b1bec63615a83a58ca594e62","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c5b6d45d82e6cbf7cf9c94e3666888e97cd0dc98b1bec63615a83a58ca594e62"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:7HSF7NI7Z6K3CK7ZIHFKGZWETN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Constitutional Precedent of Amicus Briefs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CY"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Allen Huang, Lars Roemheld","submitted_at":"2016-06-15T08:21:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate shared language between U.S. Supreme Court majority opinions and interest groups' corresponding amicus briefs. Specifically, we evaluate whether language that originated in an amicus brief acquired legal precedent status by being cited in the Court's opinion. Using plagiarism detection software, automated querying of a large legal database, and manual analysis, we establish seven instances where interest group amici were able to formulate constitutional case law, setting binding legal precedent. We discuss several such instances for their implications in the Supreme Court's crea"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1606.04672","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FM3ihBcMqWgQiqh2+JCBdlQlPHQKxHkty/YNW7TniGFGwBRev0ppao3e4BB49wKWGHX0kV7dOVuMva/wCiN3BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T07:41:50.174198Z"},"content_sha256":"8df1c74136f822f58cf6cb87dbf30bc29114dbf98746a62a1d0341958a88cc52","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8df1c74136f822f58cf6cb87dbf30bc29114dbf98746a62a1d0341958a88cc52"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7HSF7NI7Z6K3CK7ZIHFKGZWETN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7HSF7NI7Z6K3CK7ZIHFKGZWETN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7HSF7NI7Z6K3CK7ZIHFKGZWETN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T07:41:50Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7HSF7NI7Z6K3CK7ZIHFKGZWETN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7HSF7NI7Z6K3CK7ZIHFKGZWETN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7HSF7NI7Z6K3CK7ZIHFKGZWETN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7HSF7NI7Z6K3CK7ZIHFKGZWETN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:7HSF7NI7Z6K3CK7ZIHFKGZWETN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c358cde8ee7e8485d8efe65907ca9b69538d097afb976f079593b602f82d7a3b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-06-15T08:21:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"de1923a8d772a23f724b0d032ad62d8628eb5db3c38906a2a0b7356e944738b0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1606.04672","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1606.04672","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1606.04672v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1606.04672","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7HSF7NI7Z6K3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7HSF7NI7Z6K3CK7Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7HSF7NI7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8df1c74136f822f58cf6cb87dbf30bc29114dbf98746a62a1d0341958a88cc52","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We investigate shared language between U.S. Supreme Court majority opinions and interest groups' corresponding amicus briefs. Specifically, we evaluate whether language that originated in an amicus brief acquired legal precedent status by being cited in the Court's opinion. Using plagiarism detection software, automated querying of a large legal database, and manual analysis, we establish seven instances where interest group amici were able to formulate constitutional case law, setting binding legal precedent. We discuss several such instances for their implications in the Supreme Court's crea","authors_text":"Allen Huang, Lars Roemheld","cross_cats":["cs.CY"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-06-15T08:21:29Z","title":"Constitutional Precedent of Amicus Briefs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1606.04672","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c5b6d45d82e6cbf7cf9c94e3666888e97cd0dc98b1bec63615a83a58ca594e62","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c358cde8ee7e8485d8efe65907ca9b69538d097afb976f079593b602f82d7a3b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2016-06-15T08:21:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"de1923a8d772a23f724b0d032ad62d8628eb5db3c38906a2a0b7356e944738b0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1606.04672","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f9e45fb51fcf95b12bf941caa366c49b59d088fc12009f13b8e2797ab246af70","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f9e45fb51fcf95b12bf941caa366c49b59d088fc12009f13b8e2797ab246af70","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:23.322221Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:23.322221Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"qI99DImr0d6uikkOst24HGvhaakOHhAkn9/oVc+BrvQw5TALgDUEm9pfJ2F4BWP/QGgk6zv/zHqVzkT6wOo6Aw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:11:23.322911Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1606.04672","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c5b6d45d82e6cbf7cf9c94e3666888e97cd0dc98b1bec63615a83a58ca594e62","sha256:8df1c74136f822f58cf6cb87dbf30bc29114dbf98746a62a1d0341958a88cc52"],"state_sha256":"47d35685ed806d773e4132b1b1c798b7331bc7c2225f5b10407fb1f25236471e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SPSwTiUxgwYEAGCD8lrKiACPLJ5jgwj0wcBZWJ4VKDy50HLZrdazpi3t/boTQ2lffpqzaoHLxOjhp5/1znzXCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T07:41:50.176181Z","bundle_sha256":"f52e135f8878e1c0a7dedea4ecc2a8534b00900f46b924948002ff82f56f5823"}}