{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:7JFPSGUFDG5T2ASWBDHZELWZ2K","short_pith_number":"pith:7JFPSGUF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1204.0462","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-04-02T16:38:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8567936bdcdfd87f6f92ee38b0271709dcb73a30f4f44f14988ed685bc826cfe","abstract_canon_sha256":"a016aedee13e6cab9e6670a7c1ab26148d2da44bb63e5a1b407aeeef76a19824"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fa4af91a8519bb3d025608cf922ed9d2ba67b7093626f12a84a8a82b7602c6e2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1204.0462","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1204.0462","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:58:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1204.0462v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:58:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1204.0462","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:58:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7JFPSGUFDG5T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7JFPSGUFDG5T2ASW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7JFPSGUF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:7JFPSGUFDG5T2ASWBDHZELWZ2K","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1204.0462","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-04-02T16:38:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8567936bdcdfd87f6f92ee38b0271709dcb73a30f4f44f14988ed685bc826cfe","abstract_canon_sha256":"a016aedee13e6cab9e6670a7c1ab26148d2da44bb63e5a1b407aeeef76a19824"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fa4af91a8519bb3d025608cf922ed9d2ba67b7093626f12a84a8a82b7602c6e2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:58:49.256288Z","signature_b64":"86M36MY8W4vNbC1qhbDBEcp6ZuYAskba1ZfF1XOP+OiKqS4TC9okxURznKg4Kc37fH148hRq5akeAzALSiUxDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"fa4af91a8519bb3d025608cf922ed9d2ba67b7093626f12a84a8a82b7602c6e2","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:58:49.255547Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:58:49.255547Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1204.0462","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:58:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nidfEw4pvMWe+Qui+A16AFAgGphArqjyGNxt6R1JNuvCCxLTvM/HngpLKqPpOKntACvPSZfcVFzVDpHiOb+PBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T05:20:40.441133Z"},"content_sha256":"218fd34b58ed6771e11de0f8b41bd749aae3d13999c6e65338d6cc054862c825","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:218fd34b58ed6771e11de0f8b41bd749aae3d13999c6e65338d6cc054862c825"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:7JFPSGUFDG5T2ASWBDHZELWZ2K","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Time Synchronization Attack in Smart Grid-Part II: Cross Layer Detection Mechanism","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Aleksandar D. Dimitrovski, Husheng Li, Matthew Trinkle, Zhenghao Zhang","submitted_at":"2012-04-02T16:38:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"A novel time synchronization attack (TSA) on wide area monitoring systems in smart grid has been identified in the first part of this paper. A cross layer detection mechanism is proposed to combat TSA in part II of this paper. In the physical layer, we propose a GPS carrier signal noise ratio (C/No) based spoofing detection technique. In addition, a patch-monopole hybrid antenna is applied to receive GPS signal. By computing the standard deviation of the C/No difference from two GPS receivers, a priori probability of spoofing detection is fed to the upper layer, where power system state is est"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1204.0462","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:58:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"U3hhZvJnv9LShMU6Wqvb9MNey9z3YaV6iv+YpQEmMWFmx52nZoaTGHN4wqRp4OV7XQMEIp8fX3y7PPSAmI7KDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T05:20:40.441527Z"},"content_sha256":"410689c2fb47bcc6feefdb2bbd0485058ec375a3b0a89b63a76dfe610e516d63","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:410689c2fb47bcc6feefdb2bbd0485058ec375a3b0a89b63a76dfe610e516d63"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7JFPSGUFDG5T2ASWBDHZELWZ2K/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7JFPSGUFDG5T2ASWBDHZELWZ2K/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7JFPSGUFDG5T2ASWBDHZELWZ2K/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T05:20:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7JFPSGUFDG5T2ASWBDHZELWZ2K","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7JFPSGUFDG5T2ASWBDHZELWZ2K/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7JFPSGUFDG5T2ASWBDHZELWZ2K/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7JFPSGUFDG5T2ASWBDHZELWZ2K/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:7JFPSGUFDG5T2ASWBDHZELWZ2K","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a016aedee13e6cab9e6670a7c1ab26148d2da44bb63e5a1b407aeeef76a19824","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-04-02T16:38:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"8567936bdcdfd87f6f92ee38b0271709dcb73a30f4f44f14988ed685bc826cfe"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1204.0462","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1204.0462","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:58:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1204.0462v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:58:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1204.0462","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:58:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7JFPSGUFDG5T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7JFPSGUFDG5T2ASW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7JFPSGUF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:410689c2fb47bcc6feefdb2bbd0485058ec375a3b0a89b63a76dfe610e516d63","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:58:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A novel time synchronization attack (TSA) on wide area monitoring systems in smart grid has been identified in the first part of this paper. A cross layer detection mechanism is proposed to combat TSA in part II of this paper. In the physical layer, we propose a GPS carrier signal noise ratio (C/No) based spoofing detection technique. In addition, a patch-monopole hybrid antenna is applied to receive GPS signal. By computing the standard deviation of the C/No difference from two GPS receivers, a priori probability of spoofing detection is fed to the upper layer, where power system state is est","authors_text":"Aleksandar D. Dimitrovski, Husheng Li, Matthew Trinkle, Zhenghao Zhang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-04-02T16:38:01Z","title":"Time Synchronization Attack in Smart Grid-Part II: Cross Layer Detection Mechanism"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1204.0462","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:218fd34b58ed6771e11de0f8b41bd749aae3d13999c6e65338d6cc054862c825","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:58:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a016aedee13e6cab9e6670a7c1ab26148d2da44bb63e5a1b407aeeef76a19824","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-04-02T16:38:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"8567936bdcdfd87f6f92ee38b0271709dcb73a30f4f44f14988ed685bc826cfe"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1204.0462","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"fa4af91a8519bb3d025608cf922ed9d2ba67b7093626f12a84a8a82b7602c6e2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"fa4af91a8519bb3d025608cf922ed9d2ba67b7093626f12a84a8a82b7602c6e2","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:58:49.255547Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:58:49.255547Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"86M36MY8W4vNbC1qhbDBEcp6ZuYAskba1ZfF1XOP+OiKqS4TC9okxURznKg4Kc37fH148hRq5akeAzALSiUxDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:58:49.256288Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1204.0462","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:218fd34b58ed6771e11de0f8b41bd749aae3d13999c6e65338d6cc054862c825","sha256:410689c2fb47bcc6feefdb2bbd0485058ec375a3b0a89b63a76dfe610e516d63"],"state_sha256":"6bd8f9b330d40406d8cb32c131e65ff1cab08ce434780dc36cb0b5d283010117"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CLWC6gq72p4cZD7J/I9hddKv7e1jwawcyWldqLMI0GYxtIL4UqPi/7Dkvx2TZiMuV7YR5iAd2s5SdK9/76AoCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T05:20:40.444325Z","bundle_sha256":"1ce0faf23643bab6873e8772ca5c0f7a85907b783443ffc15fd36542f841b7e5"}}