{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:7KCB623UI6OA4NTRQZ57NBYCNX","short_pith_number":"pith:7KCB623U","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2207.12397","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-07-25T17:59:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"title_canon_sha256":"f49306540eeaee8630410fe553ad855e7da92ba962b3d68c61df3f6607132da4","abstract_canon_sha256":"7004b580a459bbdb1ab2c2fade2e1395c32a317f017ccb9959bfce1cf130485c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fa841f6b74479c0e3671867bf687026dffd96f07131b700ca2e578f947c35971","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2207.12397","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2207.12397","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2207.12397v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2207.12397","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7KCB623UI6OA","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7KCB623UI6OA4NTR","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7KCB623U","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:7KCB623UI6OA4NTRQZ57NBYCNX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2207.12397","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-07-25T17:59:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"title_canon_sha256":"f49306540eeaee8630410fe553ad855e7da92ba962b3d68c61df3f6607132da4","abstract_canon_sha256":"7004b580a459bbdb1ab2c2fade2e1395c32a317f017ccb9959bfce1cf130485c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fa841f6b74479c0e3671867bf687026dffd96f07131b700ca2e578f947c35971","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16.833619Z","signature_b64":"P9C7wvEWrBEwI60uzdY1x3LOQjmY9pE0iJNnJc9Q1l1FEvkdvxpL9KsqvHsc7VKUmHfHiqjITq4nJ/diuOaeAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"fa841f6b74479c0e3671867bf687026dffd96f07131b700ca2e578f947c35971","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16.833175Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16.833175Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2207.12397","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0cKuL5aNxu8FUY5SvjMMGeQF2m3SMd2VFBnjQWWdp127P1OhIYj+rMufrZtrG2MKQzfx+0mNhQj2PxpEx1PAAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T12:05:28.694611Z"},"content_sha256":"ade5dba5b9af654e05a2b7b0e568a78ff2f496ae6c756ff87c5acb12b6126654","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ade5dba5b9af654e05a2b7b0e568a78ff2f496ae6c756ff87c5acb12b6126654"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:7KCB623UI6OA4NTRQZ57NBYCNX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"C3-SL: Circular Convolution-Based Batch-Wise Compression for Communication-Efficient Split Learning","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CV"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"An-Yeu (Andy) Wu, Cheng-Yen Hsieh, Yu-Chuan Chuang","submitted_at":"2022-07-25T17:59:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"Most existing studies improve the efficiency of Split learning (SL) by compressing the transmitted features. However, most works focus on dimension-wise compression that transforms high-dimensional features into a low-dimensional space. In this paper, we propose circular convolution-based batch-wise compression for SL (C3-SL) to compress multiple features into one single feature. To avoid information loss while merging multiple features, we exploit the quasi-orthogonality of features in high-dimensional space with circular convolution and superposition. To the best of our knowledge, we are the"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2207.12397","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2207.12397/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"V4BAfLjgQOHrJZYkrWq5yTmrb8r0FPxeF3mENoKpTZE+UATmjaBtNs3SIKKV2DV0XU+sedL6Jf9Wrb32RkwyBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T12:05:28.695108Z"},"content_sha256":"046fc2f46791d6e87c027edfb1b3dde917c266905c796500a9022f0b314aa767","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:046fc2f46791d6e87c027edfb1b3dde917c266905c796500a9022f0b314aa767"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7KCB623UI6OA4NTRQZ57NBYCNX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7KCB623UI6OA4NTRQZ57NBYCNX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7KCB623UI6OA4NTRQZ57NBYCNX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-23T12:05:28Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7KCB623UI6OA4NTRQZ57NBYCNX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7KCB623UI6OA4NTRQZ57NBYCNX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7KCB623UI6OA4NTRQZ57NBYCNX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7KCB623UI6OA4NTRQZ57NBYCNX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:7KCB623UI6OA4NTRQZ57NBYCNX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7004b580a459bbdb1ab2c2fade2e1395c32a317f017ccb9959bfce1cf130485c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-07-25T17:59:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"f49306540eeaee8630410fe553ad855e7da92ba962b3d68c61df3f6607132da4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2207.12397","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2207.12397","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2207.12397v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2207.12397","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7KCB623UI6OA","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7KCB623UI6OA4NTR","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7KCB623U","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:046fc2f46791d6e87c027edfb1b3dde917c266905c796500a9022f0b314aa767","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2207.12397/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Most existing studies improve the efficiency of Split learning (SL) by compressing the transmitted features. However, most works focus on dimension-wise compression that transforms high-dimensional features into a low-dimensional space. In this paper, we propose circular convolution-based batch-wise compression for SL (C3-SL) to compress multiple features into one single feature. To avoid information loss while merging multiple features, we exploit the quasi-orthogonality of features in high-dimensional space with circular convolution and superposition. To the best of our knowledge, we are the","authors_text":"An-Yeu (Andy) Wu, Cheng-Yen Hsieh, Yu-Chuan Chuang","cross_cats":["cs.CV"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-07-25T17:59:02Z","title":"C3-SL: Circular Convolution-Based Batch-Wise Compression for Communication-Efficient Split Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2207.12397","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ade5dba5b9af654e05a2b7b0e568a78ff2f496ae6c756ff87c5acb12b6126654","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7004b580a459bbdb1ab2c2fade2e1395c32a317f017ccb9959bfce1cf130485c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-07-25T17:59:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"f49306540eeaee8630410fe553ad855e7da92ba962b3d68c61df3f6607132da4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2207.12397","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"fa841f6b74479c0e3671867bf687026dffd96f07131b700ca2e578f947c35971","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"fa841f6b74479c0e3671867bf687026dffd96f07131b700ca2e578f947c35971","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16.833175Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16.833175Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"P9C7wvEWrBEwI60uzdY1x3LOQjmY9pE0iJNnJc9Q1l1FEvkdvxpL9KsqvHsc7VKUmHfHiqjITq4nJ/diuOaeAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:43:16.833619Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2207.12397","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ade5dba5b9af654e05a2b7b0e568a78ff2f496ae6c756ff87c5acb12b6126654","sha256:046fc2f46791d6e87c027edfb1b3dde917c266905c796500a9022f0b314aa767"],"state_sha256":"129e1ea1a42b865013e7b435318074bfca2b0eec04accf588ab86b1fc0699f44"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"q4HEtcKI/P6ivQKmDZnjYmcK2Ai377I1qKQElrFS6/41pHwpAQl9qrdlkOkRGiHTgJEQ8hQH4mb4kSN+EvZrDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T12:05:28.701315Z","bundle_sha256":"e7be2cf200e1205a92bac2d5367f863a6d227091beb32f6712c793a9732d0814"}}