{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2026:7KZ7KQIS3VNABFORHWQWJY3FKD","short_pith_number":"pith:7KZ7KQIS","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"fab3f54112dd5a0095d13da164e36550de8d6bb4931c851f228de08e76a82800","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2607.23541","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Global-mean surface air temperature change overestimates global warming rate","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.data-an"],"primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","authors_text":"Banglin Zhang, Jeremy Cheuk-Hin Leung, Qiuying Gan","submitted_at":"2026-07-26T08:33:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"Current climate policies are targeted at slowing down the global warming rate, or the global mean surface air temperature (SAT) change ({\\Delta}Tmean), which is measured by the arithmetic mean approach under the assumption that SAT changes are symmetrically distributed. However, in reality, the SAT change is asymmetric in nature and its influence on the {\\Delta}Tmean interpretation seldom received attention in previous research about climate change. This study theorizes, based on the image histogram approach, that while {\\Delta}Tmean measures the Earth's overall SAT change, it yields a value l"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2607.23541","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2026-07-26T08:33:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.data-an"],"title_canon_sha256":"9575c346f90e5b4ff333918e839b67f625b77d3dba855b4fdc4afb66dfd47c4a","abstract_canon_sha256":"ded0d0102c1b34e83bf96c1dd9b4e8e2aa9bc77e980cd1a47098f0a55284480a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:58.376420Z","signature_b64":"rG6QpQIOiXnGN7xrANPEH9RpKFg7wxfE8OfqkPugkNknp9Ll6DzeDcLcGMsl1cPE22pkUDcBwvKlEglbsEzoCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"fab3f54112dd5a0095d13da164e36550de8d6bb4931c851f228de08e76a82800","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:58.373440Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:58.373440Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Global-mean surface air temperature change overestimates global warming rate","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.data-an"],"primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","authors_text":"Banglin Zhang, Jeremy Cheuk-Hin Leung, Qiuying Gan","submitted_at":"2026-07-26T08:33:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"Current climate policies are targeted at slowing down the global warming rate, or the global mean surface air temperature (SAT) change ({\\Delta}Tmean), which is measured by the arithmetic mean approach under the assumption that SAT changes are symmetrically distributed. However, in reality, the SAT change is asymmetric in nature and its influence on the {\\Delta}Tmean interpretation seldom received attention in previous research about climate change. This study theorizes, based on the image histogram approach, that while {\\Delta}Tmean measures the Earth's overall SAT change, it yields a value l"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2607.23541","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2607.23541/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2607.23541","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:58.373886+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2607.23541v1","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:58.373886+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2607.23541","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:58.373886+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7KZ7KQIS3VNA","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:58.373886+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7KZ7KQIS3VNABFOR","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:58.373886+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7KZ7KQIS","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:58.373886+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/7KZ7KQIS3VNABFORHWQWJY3FKD","json":"https://pith.science/pith/7KZ7KQIS3VNABFORHWQWJY3FKD.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/7KZ7KQIS3VNABFORHWQWJY3FKD/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/7KZ7KQIS3VNABFORHWQWJY3FKD/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/7KZ7KQIS"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/7KZ7KQIS3VNABFORHWQWJY3FKD","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/7KZ7KQIS3VNABFORHWQWJY3FKD.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/7KZ7KQIS","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2607.23541&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/7KZ7KQIS3VNABFORHWQWJY3FKD/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/7KZ7KQIS3VNABFORHWQWJY3FKD/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/7KZ7KQIS3VNABFORHWQWJY3FKD/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/7KZ7KQIS3VNABFORHWQWJY3FKD/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/7KZ7KQIS3VNABFORHWQWJY3FKD/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/7KZ7KQIS3VNABFORHWQWJY3FKD/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/7KZ7KQIS3VNABFORHWQWJY3FKD/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:58.373886+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:58.373886+00:00"}